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一種具有高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的前置放大電路設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)現(xiàn)
2020年電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用第11期
劉 松1,2,,吳先梅1,,2,孔 超1
1.中國(guó)科學(xué)院聲學(xué)研究所 聲場(chǎng)聲信息國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,,北京100190;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué),,北京100049
摘要: 壓電式電容型傳感器在工作時(shí)能輸出正比于被測(cè)物理量的電荷量,,具有較好線性度的同時(shí)也具有較高靈敏度,在許多領(lǐng)域中都得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,,但該類傳感器在工作時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的電荷量通常比較微弱,,需要對(duì)其適當(dāng)放大以便后續(xù)進(jìn)行處理。通過(guò)分析壓電式電容型傳感器的等效電路模型,,結(jié)合電路理論和Multisim仿真,,設(shè)計(jì)了前置放大電路,。由于該前放電路主要針對(duì)小信號(hào)的放大需求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),在大信號(hào)輸入時(shí)輸出信號(hào)會(huì)產(chǎn)生畸變,。而在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用中,,常出現(xiàn)輸入信號(hào)中小信號(hào)和大信號(hào)并存的情況。為了能夠?qū)斎胄盘?hào)動(dòng)態(tài)范圍較大時(shí)的小信號(hào)和大信號(hào)都實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)失真放大,,改進(jìn)了之前的前置放大電路設(shè)計(jì),,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了Multisim仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)電路測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)后的前置放大電路在輸入信號(hào)頻率為10 kHz時(shí),,其輸入信號(hào)電壓幅值最高可達(dá)600 mV,,且小信號(hào)和大信號(hào)的放大均無(wú)失真,放大倍數(shù)也基本相同,,說(shuō)明該電路設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的輸入信號(hào)的無(wú)失真放大需求,。
中圖分類號(hào): TN721
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.200601
中文引用格式: 劉松,吳先梅,,孔超. 一種具有高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的前置放大電路設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)現(xiàn)[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,,2020,46(11):114-121.
英文引用格式: Liu Song,,Wu Xianmei,,Kong Chao. Design and implementation of a preamplifier circuit with high dynamic range[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2020,,46(11):114-121.
Design and implementation of a preamplifier circuit with high dynamic range
Liu Song1,,2,Wu Xianmei1,,2,,Kong Chao1
1.State Key Laboratory on Acoustics,Institute of Acoustics,,Chinese Academy of Sciences,,Beijing 100190,China,; 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,,Beijing 100049,China
Abstract: A piezoelectric capacitive sensor can output charges directly proportional to the physical quantity to be measured in work. Due to excellent linearity and high sensitivity, it has been widely used in many fields. However, since the quantity of charges generated by such a sensor in work is relatively weak, it is necessary to amplify the charge signal for subsequent processing properly. A preamplifier circuit is designed by analyzing the equivalent circuit model of the piezoelectric capacitive sensor combined with circuit theory and Multisim simulation. As the circuit is mainly designed for amplifying signals with small amplitudes, the output signal will be distorted once it is used for an input signal with large amplitude. But in practical engineering applications, small and large input signals often appear at different conditions. To realize distortionless amplification for both small and large input signals, the design of the former preamplifier circuit is improved. Then Multisim simulation and experimental circuit testing are also carried out successively. The simulating and experimental results both show that when the input signal frequency is 10 kHz, the input signal with the amplitude up to 600 mV can be distortionless amplified by this improved preamplifier circuit. There is also no distortion when amplifying small signals. The amplification ratio is almost the same for small and large signals. These results prove that the preamplifier circuit design can realize distortionless amplification for an input signal with a high dynamic range.
Key words : piezoelectric sensor; preamplifier circuit

0 引言

    隨著電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展,,傳感器技術(shù)已在交通,、機(jī)械、電力等領(lǐng)域中廣泛應(yīng)用,,與之相應(yīng)的傳感器信號(hào)處理技術(shù)也取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步?,F(xiàn)有的許多傳感器,,如壓電式加速度傳感器,、PVDF壓電薄膜傳感器,、壓電式水聽(tīng)器等電容型傳感器[1]在工作時(shí)能輸出正比于被測(cè)物理量的電荷量,在具有較好線性度的同時(shí)也具有較高的靈敏度,。但該類傳感器在工作時(shí)所輸出的電荷量都比較微弱,,為了能方便地提取并處理該信號(hào),通常需要相配套的前置放大電路對(duì)該電荷進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換以及適當(dāng)放大[2-4],。目前,,學(xué)者們的研究重點(diǎn)主要在微電荷的采集及信號(hào)的放大。韓星晨等[5]基于PVDF壓電薄膜的等效電路模型設(shè)計(jì)了相配套的前置放大電路,,并分析了電路中的噪聲,,由電路的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果與理論計(jì)算結(jié)果相符合表明其前置放大電路設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。張微等[6]針對(duì)油氣井出砂檢測(cè)中壓電式傳感器檢測(cè)到的出砂信號(hào)弱,、頻率高等特點(diǎn),,研究并設(shè)計(jì)了相配套的前置放大電路,它是由電荷放大器,、帶通濾波器,、過(guò)載指示等電路組成,其電路Multisim仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試的結(jié)果表明該前置放大電路適用于檢測(cè)出砂信號(hào),。胡志峰[7]針對(duì)許多領(lǐng)域中所涉及的微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè),,研制了一種高增益、低噪聲,、輸出無(wú)失真的前置放大電路,,其電路仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試的結(jié)果表明該前置放大電路能無(wú)失真地放大低頻微弱信號(hào)。劉偉群等[8]理論分析了分別使用電荷放大器和電壓放大器作前置放大電路的前級(jí)信號(hào)采集電路時(shí)對(duì)壓電式傳感器動(dòng)態(tài)性能的影響,,其實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)使用電壓放大器作壓電傳感器的前級(jí)信號(hào)采集電路時(shí)會(huì)有更好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,。

    前置放大電路在大多數(shù)情況下都是用于對(duì)小信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大,但對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)的壓電類傳感器,,由于受到環(huán)境溫度,、濕度、雨雪天氣等因素的影響,,其接收到的振動(dòng)信號(hào)或聲波信號(hào)幅值差距可能達(dá)到幾十倍甚至幾百倍,,這種小信號(hào)和大信號(hào)并存的情況就要求與傳感器配套的前置放大電路能夠?qū)斎胄盘?hào)動(dòng)態(tài)范圍比較大的信號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)失真放大,而之前很少有人開(kāi)展這方面的研究工作,。

    為了能夠?qū)斎胄盘?hào)動(dòng)態(tài)范圍較大時(shí)的小信號(hào)和大信號(hào)都實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)失真放大,,基于壓電式電容型傳感器的等效電路模型,根據(jù)實(shí)際工程檢測(cè)中的高輸入需求,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種在輸入信號(hào)頻率為10 kHz時(shí),,輸入信號(hào)幅值最高達(dá)600 mV且輸出無(wú)失真的前置放大電路。




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作者信息:

劉  松1,,2,,吳先梅1,,2,孔  超1

(1.中國(guó)科學(xué)院聲學(xué)研究所 聲場(chǎng)聲信息國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,,北京100190,;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué),北京100049)

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