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公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
張效科
中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院,北京100098
摘要: 公共數(shù)據(jù)分級(jí)授權(quán)有別于數(shù)據(jù)分級(jí)開放,,其分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不應(yīng)照搬公共數(shù)據(jù)分級(jí)開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而設(shè)計(jì),。構(gòu)建分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是開展分級(jí)授權(quán)運(yùn)營的前提,,對(duì)于彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)行公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營行為不足具有重要的意義。構(gòu)建公共數(shù)據(jù)分級(jí)授權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)以符合公共數(shù)據(jù)作為公共財(cái)產(chǎn)之公共性和財(cái)產(chǎn)性特征為導(dǎo)向,。通過應(yīng)用場景分析,,拆解公共數(shù)據(jù)不同層級(jí)的使用權(quán),可以為構(gòu)建分級(jí)授權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供權(quán)利限度框架,。公共數(shù)據(jù)分級(jí)授權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)使用權(quán)的合理控制,。結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)安全和數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值,在權(quán)利限度框架下劃分不同大小的數(shù)據(jù)使用權(quán)控制級(jí)別,,形成分級(jí)授權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):完全授權(quán),、可轉(zhuǎn)讓授權(quán)、開發(fā)授權(quán)和直接使用授權(quán),。通過“區(qū)分準(zhǔn)入資格”“明確協(xié)議權(quán)利范圍”“差異化監(jiān)管”以及“分級(jí)動(dòng)態(tài)反饋”的具體適用規(guī)則,,使分級(jí)授權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嵌入公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營的全過程。
中圖分類號(hào):D63; D922.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.01.007
引用格式:張效科.公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,,2024,,43(1):47-57.
Construction of public data authorized operation grading standard
Zhang Xiaoke
School of Law, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100098, China
Abstract: Public data hierarchical authorization is different from data hierarchical openness, and its hierarchical standard should not be designed by copying the public data hierarchical openness standard. Constructing grading standards is a prerequisite for the operation of grading authorization, which is of great significance to make up for the insufficiency of the current public data authorization operation. The construction of public data hierarchical authorization standards should be guided by the public and property characteristics of public data as public property. By analyzing the application scenarios and dismantling the use rights of different levels of public data, it can provide a right limit framework for the construction of hierarchical authorization standards. The public data hierarchical authorization standard is a reasonable control of the right to use data. Combined with data security and data value, the right to use data of different sizes is divided under the right limit framework to form the hierarchical authorization standard: full authorization, transferable authorization, development authorization and direct use authorization.
Key words : public data;authorized operation,;grading authorization,;data elements;public property

引言

充分發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素在高質(zhì)量發(fā)展中的作用與價(jià)值,,必須加強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)和數(shù)據(jù)共享,,使數(shù)據(jù)、數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品在經(jīng)濟(jì)市場中被使用,、被交易,。而現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是,我國各級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)持有大量數(shù)據(jù)信息仍未被充分挖掘,,即便是在全國多地試點(diǎn)建設(shè)公共數(shù)據(jù)開放平臺(tái)的背景下,,公共數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值的使用價(jià)值依然無法滿足數(shù)據(jù)市場的高質(zhì)量需求。為此,,2021年“十四五”規(guī)劃綱要首次提出以公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營提升公共數(shù)據(jù)開放和利用的實(shí)踐設(shè)想,,隨后各地相繼開展了富有探索性的公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營實(shí)踐工作。而對(duì)于如何在法律框架下實(shí)施公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營行為的問題,,學(xué)界也從制度建設(shè)的基本框架層面展開了豐富的討論[2,10],。與此同時(shí),為了滿足數(shù)據(jù)安全治理的需要,,不同層級(jí)的公共數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)不同開放策略的觀點(diǎn)逐漸成為公共數(shù)據(jù)開放制度建設(shè)的主流,。


作者信息:

張效科

(中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院,北京100098)


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