《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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基于LoRa的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
余欣如,蘇淑靖,蔡磊
中北大學(xué) 儀器與電子學(xué)院 省部共建動態(tài)測試技術(shù)國家重點實驗室
摘要: 有線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)成本高,、布線復(fù)雜、維護擴展困難,,大部分無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)在功耗與傳輸距離間難以平衡,。針對以上問題提出基于LoRa的遠(yuǎn)程無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)?;跀U頻技術(shù)的LoRa具有極強的抗干擾穿透能力和很廣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋范圍,,結(jié)合MAC層的防碰撞機制和功率自適應(yīng)算法的復(fù)合組網(wǎng)協(xié)議,可實現(xiàn)多終端情況下時延0.01 s的1 km內(nèi)可靠無線通信,。
中圖分類號:TN825 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.245408
中文引用格式: 余欣如,,蘇淑靖,蔡磊. 基于LoRa的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,,2024,,50(10):57-62.
英文引用格式: Yu Xinru,Su Shujing,,Cai Lei. Design of wireless sensor network based on LoRa[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,,2024,50(10):57-62.
Design of wireless sensor network based on LoRa
Yu Xinru,,Su Shujing,,Cai Lei
State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrumentation and Electronics,, North University of China
Abstract: Wired sensor networks have high cost, complex wiring, difficult maintenance and expansion, and most wireless sensor networks are difficult to balance between power consumption and transmission distance. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a remote wireless sensor network based on LoRa. Based on spread spectrum technology, LoRa has strong anti-interference penetration ability and wide network coverage. Combined with the anti-collision mechanism of MAC layer and the composite networking protocol of power adaptive algorithm, it can achieve reliable wireless communication within 1 km with a delay of 0.01 s in the case of multiple terminals.
Key words : wireless sensor network,;LoRa;anti-collision mechanism,;power adaptive

引言

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Things, IoT)通信技術(shù)分為有線和無線通信兩大類[1],。其中,有線通信存在成本高,、施工和調(diào)試過程繁瑣,、維護擴展困難等普遍局限性。而無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)融合分布式信息處理技術(shù),,具有組網(wǎng)靈活,、互動友好等優(yōu)勢,能簡化設(shè)備和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),,節(jié)約成本,,是提升IoT監(jiān)測管理水平的優(yōu)勢技術(shù),。近年來,WSN在IoT中得到廣泛應(yīng)用[2-8],,包括醫(yī)療,、交通、家居,、農(nóng)業(yè),、工業(yè)等多種通信場景。

IoT中有許多先進的WSN可供選擇[9],。Woo-García等基于Wi-Fi和樹狀拓?fù)浣⒘擞糜诃h(huán)境檢測的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)[10],;朱新強等基于STM32單片機設(shè)計了煤礦環(huán)境監(jiān)測及預(yù)警系統(tǒng)[11],并利用ESP8266 Wi-Fi模塊實現(xiàn)了單片機與PC端之間的無線通信,。但Wi-Fi的通信距離較短,,且功耗高、節(jié)點少,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)不易擴展,。曹現(xiàn)剛等基于ZigBee協(xié)議設(shè)計了礦用設(shè)備數(shù)據(jù)采集分站[12];冼鋰東等基于ZigBee設(shè)計了機房物料管理系統(tǒng)[13],;石云東等基于ZigBee設(shè)計了煤礦遠(yuǎn)程安全監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)[14],。但ZigBee使用2.4 GHz頻段,導(dǎo)致信號穿透能力較差,、覆蓋范圍較小,,僅適用于短距離傳輸,不適合大范圍鋪設(shè)監(jiān)測,。

LoRa是基于擴頻技術(shù)的低功耗,、遠(yuǎn)距離的WSN,具有較強的抗干擾能力和組網(wǎng)便捷的優(yōu)勢,,可有效防止同頻串?dāng)_,。綜上所述,本文基于LoRa設(shè)計了一種無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò),,在MAC層協(xié)議中進行了防碰撞機制功率自適應(yīng)的設(shè)計,,使得本網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸時延小、功耗低,,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)多終端,、遠(yuǎn)距離的可靠無線通信。


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作者信息:

余欣如,,蘇淑靖,,蔡磊

(中北大學(xué) 儀器與電子學(xué)院 省部共建動態(tài)測試技術(shù)國家重點實驗室,山西 太原 030051)


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