智能天線利用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理技術(shù)在基帶動(dòng)態(tài)產(chǎn)生空間定向波束，將天線方向圖主瓣對(duì)準(zhǔn)有用信號(hào)到達(dá)方向,，低增益副瓣對(duì)準(zhǔn)干擾信號(hào)到達(dá)方向，借助有用信號(hào)和干擾信號(hào)在入射方向上的差異,，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)暮喜?quán)值,，從而達(dá)到充分利用移動(dòng)用戶信號(hào)并抑制干擾信號(hào)的目的。智能天線相當(dāng)于空時(shí)濾波器,，在多個(gè)指向不同用戶的并行天線波束控制下,，使信號(hào)在有限的方向區(qū)域發(fā)送和接收，從而提高頻譜利用效率,，增大系統(tǒng)容量,。

一,、智能天線應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

　　智能天線在移動(dòng)通信中的應(yīng)用分為移動(dòng)臺(tái)和基站，本部分僅討論智能天線應(yīng)用于基站的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù),，其中智能化發(fā)射技術(shù),、接收技術(shù)和動(dòng)態(tài)信道分配是３項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)。

　?。保悄芑邮占夹g(shù)

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title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" 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        另一方面,，為了給智能發(fā)射提供依據(jù)，在上行中還需要估計(jì)反映用戶空間位置信息的參量,，如ＤＯＡ,、空域特征（ＳＳ，ＳｐａｔｉａｌＳｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅ）等,，它們的精度估計(jì)將直接影響到下行選擇性發(fā)送的性能,。目前，完成智能化接收的方法主要有基于高分辨率陣列信號(hào)處理方法和基于信號(hào)時(shí)域結(jié)構(gòu)方法兩類,。前一類方法又分子空間方法和基于參數(shù)估計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的方法兩大類,。后一類方法主要利用信號(hào)的時(shí)域信息和先驗(yàn)特征進(jìn)行空域處理。

　?。玻悄芑l(fā)射技術(shù)

　　在蜂窩系統(tǒng)中,，為滿足多媒體業(yè)務(wù)通信質(zhì)量的要求，發(fā)射信號(hào)功率一定要?jiǎng)討B(tài)控制,，在保證整個(gè)蜂窩系統(tǒng)各小區(qū)的信號(hào)總功率平衡的情況下（各小區(qū)干擾基本穩(wěn)定）,，滿足各種業(yè)務(wù)的不同傳輸速率和不同的誤碼率要求。

        智能化發(fā)射技術(shù)利用用戶的空間差異,，保證每個(gè)用戶只接收基站發(fā)給它的下行信號(hào),，不受同一信道中基站發(fā)給其他用戶信號(hào)的干擾。實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化發(fā)射有基于反饋和基于上行鏈路參數(shù)估計(jì)兩種方法,。前一種方法是基站通過移動(dòng)臺(tái)返回基站的訓(xùn)練信號(hào),，估計(jì)下行信道的響應(yīng)情況，其缺點(diǎn)是浪費(fèi)帶寬,?；谏闲墟溌穮⒘抗烙?jì)的方法是利用一些特征參量相對(duì)于上下行鏈路的不變性，通過各用戶對(duì)上行信號(hào)的估計(jì),，確定下行鏈路的波束形成方案,。ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ采用后一種方法,。

         在時(shí)分雙工（ＴＤＤ）系統(tǒng)中，上,、下行鏈路使用同一載波頻率,，在信道特征變化相對(duì)較慢的情況下，可以近似認(rèn)為上,、下行鏈路的信道特征相同,，可使用對(duì)上行信道的估計(jì)設(shè)置下行鏈路參數(shù)。在頻分雙工（ＦＤＤ）系統(tǒng)中,，由于上,、下行鏈路載頻不同，上,、下行鏈路的信道特性差異很大,，要分別估計(jì)上、下行鏈路特征,，所以在ＦＤＤ系統(tǒng)中使用智能天線比在ＴＤＤ系統(tǒng)中使用要復(fù)雜得多,，這也是ＴＤＤ系統(tǒng)較ＦＤＤ系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在,。

　?。常畡?dòng)態(tài)信道分配

　　在通信中，信道分配是保障通信質(zhì)量,、有效利用信道的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,。在空分信道引入系統(tǒng)后，空,、頻,、時(shí)和碼分信道的動(dòng)態(tài)分配技術(shù)已成為新的技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。后三種信道分配技術(shù)是確定性的,，可由系統(tǒng)根據(jù)用戶情況動(dòng)態(tài)分配,，但空分信道分配不同。在基站處,，接收功率相差不大和用戶方向角度差大于天線主波瓣的用戶,，可分享同一時(shí)、頻域信道,。這樣,，空分信道分配就成為動(dòng)態(tài)的條件組合問題，且隨著用戶空間位置的移動(dòng),，為跟蹤用戶,，空分信道必須相應(yīng)變化，隨時(shí)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)分配,?？辗中诺婪峙浔仨毰c時(shí),、頻信道分配和切換相結(jié)合，這就需要形成一種高效算法,，以適應(yīng)用戶的移動(dòng)性,。對(duì)于ＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)，由于其容量是軟容量,，信道分配相對(duì)簡單,。智能天線本身具有功率控制功能，其性能要優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有的功率控制技術(shù),。同時(shí)基站間的越區(qū)切換也將更為靈活,。

二、下一代移動(dòng)通信中的時(shí)空多用戶檢測(cè)技術(shù)

　　在下一代移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)中,，多用戶檢測(cè)（ＭＵＤ）是一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),。ＭＵＤ利用多址干擾的信號(hào)結(jié)構(gòu)特征，對(duì)所有的激活用戶進(jìn)行聯(lián)合估計(jì),，可以明確估計(jì)出期望用戶的多址干擾,，從而抑制多用戶干擾，從本質(zhì)上解決遠(yuǎn)近問題（ＮｅａｒＦａｒＰｒｏｂｌｅｍ）,。然而多址干擾和無線信道具有明顯的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征,，如果采用智能天線技術(shù)，將為干擾抑制提供新的維度,。智能天線引入移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)基站后,，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)移動(dòng)用戶的定向發(fā)射和定向接收，能從空域上消除大量的多用戶干擾,，并能減輕多徑效應(yīng),。因此，利用時(shí)空多用戶檢測(cè)技術(shù)進(jìn)行干擾抑制,，將進(jìn)一步提高系統(tǒng)性能,。

        時(shí)域信息和空域信息的結(jié)合有級(jí)聯(lián)和聯(lián)合兩種方式。在時(shí)空級(jí)聯(lián)處理方法中,，空間濾波器用來去除未被多用戶檢測(cè)器去除的多址干擾,，能在一定程度上改善接收效果，但不能應(yīng)用于過載情況,。時(shí)空聯(lián)合處理方法將空域特征和時(shí)域特征等同看待,，與傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)域多用戶檢測(cè)器相比增加了等效處理增益，提高了用戶特征之間的正交性,，從而改善了接收機(jī)性能,，且可以應(yīng)用于過載系統(tǒng)中。因此，基于時(shí)空聯(lián)合處理方法性能優(yōu)于級(jí)聯(lián)處理方法,，但是其運(yùn)算量大,。

        在我國提出的第三代移動(dòng)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ中實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能天線和聯(lián)合檢測(cè)（ＪＤ：ＪｏｉｎｔＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ）技術(shù)的有機(jī)結(jié)合。由于上行鏈路和下行鏈路具有相似的信道特性,，所以ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)能夠把上行鏈路聯(lián)合檢測(cè)過程中獲得的沖擊響應(yīng)估計(jì)值應(yīng)用于下行鏈路,，用類似于最大功率合成的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)下行智能天線自適應(yīng)波束賦形算法，這是ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)智能天線算法的獨(dú)特之處,。

        聯(lián)合檢測(cè)算法可以分為３類：非線性算法,、判決反饋算法、線性算法,。非線性算法主要有最大似然序列估計(jì)（ＭＬＳＥ）,，該算法極度復(fù)雜，在要求實(shí)時(shí)性的移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)中難以應(yīng)用,。判決反饋算法是在線性算法基礎(chǔ)上經(jīng)過一定的擴(kuò)展得到,，有迫零判決反饋均衡器算法（ＺＦ－ＢＤＦＥ）和最小均方誤差判決反饋均衡器算法（ＭＭＳＥ－ＢＤＦＥ），它們的計(jì)算復(fù)雜度較大,。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,，常采用線性算法。其原理是先用線性塊均衡器Ｍ對(duì)接收信號(hào)進(jìn)行檢測(cè),，得到Ｋ個(gè)用戶發(fā)送符號(hào)的連續(xù)值估計(jì),，然后用Ｋ個(gè)量化器對(duì)這些連續(xù)值估計(jì)進(jìn)行量化，就可得到對(duì)用戶發(fā)送符號(hào)的離散值估計(jì),。

        基于時(shí)空二維處理的智能天線和多用戶檢測(cè)相結(jié)合,，是一種優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的組合,。在看到時(shí)空二維多用戶檢測(cè)器的巨大容量潛力的同時(shí),，也應(yīng)該看到其優(yōu)良的性能是以巨大的運(yùn)算量為代價(jià)的。運(yùn)算量大是時(shí)空二維多用戶檢測(cè)器實(shí)用化的主要障礙,。研究快速算法將是今后時(shí)空二維多用戶檢測(cè)器研究工作的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),。

三、結(jié)束語

         在移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展中,，智能天線已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)最活躍的領(lǐng)域,。智能天線技術(shù)可以充分利用無線資源的空間可分性，提高無線通信系統(tǒng)對(duì)無線資源的利用率,，并從根本上提高系統(tǒng)容量,。雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)智能天線還有許多問題有待研究解決，但可以預(yù)見智能天線將在未來的移動(dòng)通信領(lǐng)域中大放異彩,。