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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" 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title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)" title="步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)">步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制方案,。在分析步進(jìn)電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,，推導(dǎo)了步進(jìn) 電動(dòng)機(jī)理想的升降速控制曲線，實(shí)現(xiàn)了指數(shù)規(guī)律的升降速控制,，用離散法對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)升降速的過(guò)程 進(jìn)行了處理,，并用C語(yǔ)言編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了單片機(jī)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)升降速的離散控制。,，使系統(tǒng)具有良好的動(dòng) 態(tài)特性,。

0 引言 對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制是經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開發(fā)時(shí)的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容，其中對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的升 降速控制是重點(diǎn),。在實(shí)際的步進(jìn)電機(jī)應(yīng)用中,，尤其在要求快速響應(yīng)的控制系統(tǒng)中，其關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是如 何保證步進(jìn)電機(jī)在頻繁啟停,、頻率發(fā)生突變的高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中不發(fā)生堵轉(zhuǎn)和失步,。而且堵轉(zhuǎn)和失步 的發(fā)生，與步進(jìn)電機(jī)的變速特性,，即與步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)行速度的變化規(guī)律有關(guān),。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)升降速控制目的是防止電機(jī)在速度突變時(shí)發(fā)生“失步”，使運(yùn)行平穩(wěn),。實(shí)現(xiàn)升降速控 制的方法很多,。由理論推導(dǎo)可知，指數(shù)規(guī)律的升降速曲線更能使步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的角加速度的變化與 其輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩的變化相適應(yīng),。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明這樣將能夠大大提高微機(jī)控制下步進(jìn)電機(jī)的最高工作頻率,，大 大縮短升速時(shí)間。

1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析

由于步進(jìn)電機(jī)的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩隨步進(jìn)頻率的增加而減少,，根據(jù)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,，可以通過(guò)其動(dòng) 力模型(二階微分)描述： 式中：J—系統(tǒng)的總轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 θ—轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)角 β—阻尼系數(shù) k—與θ成某種函數(shù)關(guān)系的比例因子 Tz—摩擦阻力矩及其它與β無(wú)關(guān)的阻力矩之和 Td—步進(jìn)電機(jī)所產(chǎn)生的電磁驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩 式中， —慣性扭矩 —角加速度 顯然,，慣性扭矩 應(yīng)小于最大電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩Td,，在升速階段角加速度 越大越好，使得到達(dá)勻 速的時(shí)間越短,，但在加速階段為了減小對(duì)系統(tǒng)的沖擊 不應(yīng)該突變,，上式實(shí)際上反映了矩頻特性， 即脈沖頻率越高轉(zhuǎn)矩越小。故在不失步的前提之下,，在加速階段 應(yīng)正比于頻率f對(duì)時(shí)間的微分,。故 可以表示為： 式中：A和B是兩個(gè)特定的時(shí)間常數(shù)。 假設(shè)在升速階段的啟動(dòng)頻率為 ,，則對(duì)（3）式進(jìn)行拉氏變換得： 對(duì)（4）式整理得： 再次對(duì)（5）式進(jìn)行拉氏反變換整理得： 式（6）中,，,， 為時(shí)間常數(shù),，反映上升速度的快慢，式（7）中,，,。設(shè)步進(jìn)電 機(jī)在升速過(guò)程中啟動(dòng)頻率為，運(yùn)行最高頻率為,，當(dāng)運(yùn)行足夠的時(shí)間后（用表示）,，有 ，根據(jù)式（7）得： 由（8）式整理,，并且由于遠(yuǎn)大于,，故： 將（9）式代入（7）式中得： 式（10）中 為時(shí)間常數(shù)，該式就是普通的指數(shù)加減速的數(shù)學(xué)模型,。

2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的升降速曲線

由步進(jìn)電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的理論推導(dǎo)可知,，指數(shù)規(guī)律的升降速曲線更能使步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的角加速度 的變化與其輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩的變化相適應(yīng)，指數(shù)曲線能更充分反應(yīng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)速度特性,。因此用指數(shù)曲線來(lái) 分析步進(jìn)電機(jī)加減速,。由指數(shù)曲線方程繪制出電機(jī)升降速曲線如下圖1所示： 如圖1所示，縱坐標(biāo)為頻率,，單位是步／秒,，其實(shí)反映了轉(zhuǎn)速的高低。橫坐標(biāo)為時(shí)間,，各段時(shí)間內(nèi)走 過(guò)的步數(shù)用N來(lái)表示,，步數(shù)其實(shí)反映了行程。圖中標(biāo)出理想升速曲線和實(shí)際升速曲線,。

3 升速過(guò)程的離散處理

由升速算法,在程序運(yùn)行時(shí),，若運(yùn)行速度為,則可計(jì)算出升速時(shí) 間為： 由于計(jì)算機(jī)上無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)控制，必須將上升時(shí)間離散化,。若將升速段均勻分為n段,，由(11) 式可知上升的時(shí)間為,則相鄰兩次速度變化的時(shí)間間隔為。 式中：n為階梯的分檔數(shù),。則每一檔的頻率為 由上式可計(jì)算出定時(shí)器的時(shí)間設(shè)定值,，即， 各頻率段上脈沖個(gè)數(shù)(或運(yùn)行的步數(shù))Ni為 則升速的總步數(shù)為: 程序執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,，對(duì)每檔速度都要計(jì)算在這個(gè)臺(tái)階應(yīng)走的步數(shù),，然后以遞減方式檢查,。當(dāng)減至 零時(shí)，表示該檔速度應(yīng)走的步數(shù)已走完,轉(zhuǎn)入下一檔速度,，與此同時(shí),，還要遞減升速過(guò)程總步數(shù)， 直到升速過(guò)程走完為止,。 以上就是對(duì)升速過(guò)程的處理,，降速過(guò)程的處理方法和升速過(guò)程相同。 本文所選的步進(jìn)電機(jī)為42BYG4501型兩相混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī),，該電機(jī)的最大空載啟動(dòng)頻率為 1200步/s, 允許突跳頻率 可由電機(jī)的最大空載啟動(dòng)頻率求得,，一般取其1/2～3.結(jié)合本系統(tǒng)對(duì) 升降速的具體要求，本文中規(guī)定啟動(dòng)頻率為500HZ,，最高運(yùn)行頻率為15000HZ,，要求在120步之內(nèi)升 速到10000HZ，計(jì)算出該步進(jìn)電機(jī)的升速過(guò)程的脈沖時(shí)間間隔,。 首先計(jì)算出上升時(shí)間以及時(shí)間常數(shù)的值： 利用matlab計(jì)算出： 故升速曲線可以表示為：

4 用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制

本文采用C8051F040單片機(jī)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行升降速控制,，單片機(jī)使用定時(shí)器中斷方式來(lái)控制步 進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度，升降速控制實(shí)際上是不斷改變定時(shí)器初載值的大小,。為了少占用CPU資源并提高響 應(yīng)速度,，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)把各離散點(diǎn)速度所需的定時(shí)器裝載值固化在單片機(jī)的ROM中，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)用查表法 查出所需的裝載值,。升速控制中,，需要查各臺(tái)階微步數(shù)和對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間常數(shù)表.減速控制中，無(wú)需任 何調(diào)整,，等分時(shí)間取和加速段相同值,。最后一檔速度為加速段的啟動(dòng)速度。 系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入加減速運(yùn)行方式后,，首先依據(jù)設(shè)定的工作速度,，計(jì)算加減速過(guò)程所需的臺(tái)階數(shù)和定時(shí) 器時(shí)間常數(shù)以及勻速段定時(shí)器時(shí)間常數(shù)并填表。加減速程序流程圖如下圖2所示,，也即查表執(zhí)行加速 各檔,，勻速段，減速各檔的過(guò)程,。 假定將加速和減速段對(duì)稱地細(xì)化為255段,，使之成為鋸齒狀逐步逼近指數(shù)的曲線進(jìn)行加、減速,。 每段定時(shí)時(shí)間各為20μs, 根據(jù)不同的頻率對(duì)應(yīng)不同的速度,，而頻率的倒數(shù)也就是對(duì)應(yīng)控制驅(qū)動(dòng)步 進(jìn)電機(jī)脈沖的周期，通過(guò)設(shè)定單片機(jī)定時(shí)周期，進(jìn)而控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的加,、減速,。加速過(guò)程流程圖如 下圖3所示。 5 結(jié)語(yǔ) 本文運(yùn)用指數(shù)加,、減速方法實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制,，利用離散化處理實(shí)現(xiàn)了步進(jìn)電 機(jī)的速度調(diào)節(jié)，根據(jù)指數(shù)規(guī)律函數(shù)計(jì)算各上升和下降階梯時(shí)的頻率,，通過(guò)查表和定時(shí)中斷技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn) 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的升降速控制．實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,，用上文所述的升降速控制流程圖編寫的程序在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中 電機(jī)運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，能可靠地沿著所設(shè)計(jì)的指數(shù)型曲線運(yùn)行,，該方法簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用且效果好,。

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