中圖分類號： P228.4 文獻標識碼： A DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.200219 中文引用格式： 劉新華，尚俊娜,，施滸立. 基于GNSS-RTK技術的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計與實現(xiàn)[J].電子技術應用,，2020，46(11)：1-7. 英文引用格式： Liu Xinhua,，Shang Junna,，Shi Huli. Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2020,，46(11)：1-7.
Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology
Liu Xinhua1,，Shang Junna1，Shi Huli2
1.College of Telecommunication Engineering,，Hangzhou Dianzi University,，Hangzhou 310018，China,； 2.National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences,，Beijing 100012，China
Abstract： Landslide and debris flow are the most frequent deformation geological disasters in our country. It is an important safety issue to establish a high-precision, real-time and stable monitoring system. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of the traditional GNSS-RTK landslide monitoring system as the number of observation nodes increases and the alarm leakage caused by the simultaneous displacement of the base station and observation station, a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. The double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. On the basis of the traditional landslide monitoring system, the new system adds a micro network observation system in some important node areas, which is improved from the previous "point" monitoring to the micro area "surface" monitoring, and realizes the deformation data collection based on GNSS-RTK technology and data transmission based on Lora and LTE technology. The test results show that the data transmission is reliable and efficient, and the measurement accuracy of the system can reach millimeter level, which can meet the requirements of landslide monitoring. The density of observation nodes and the length of baseline in the micro area of the observation station can be adjusted to meet the needs of different environments.
Key words : landslide monitoring system,；GNSS-RTK,；LoRa；LTE,；millimeter level
0 引言
近年來,，滑坡等地質(zhì)災害所帶來的損失呈增長趨勢,，對人民的生命和財產(chǎn)安全產(chǎn)生了嚴重的威脅。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,，世界各類地質(zhì)災害造成的損失平均每年約有1 500億美元,，近80年來死于地質(zhì)災害的人數(shù)已經(jīng)超過1 000萬。因此對于滑坡監(jiān)測的研究近年來在不斷深入開展,。文獻[1]中針對三峽庫區(qū)的滑坡問題,，基于3S技術和地面變形監(jiān)測臺網(wǎng)建立了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，并通過全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System,，GPS)等空間技術獲得滑坡形變區(qū)域分布狀況,，但由于在測量中直接使用基準點不方便或不合理，引入了工作點,，在一定程度上增加了系統(tǒng)的復雜度,。文獻[2]采用地理信息系統(tǒng)(Geographic Information System，GIS)進行滑坡分析,，提出了切實可行的復雜滑坡分析模型和技術,，給出了表現(xiàn)預測結(jié)果的直觀的可視化的手段，但由于模型的通用性不強,，不同的人預測結(jié)果具有很大差異,，從而導致普適性不高。文獻[3]提出了基于遠距離無線電(Long Range Radio,，LoRa)和通用無線分組業(yè)務(General Packet Radio Service，GPRS)的滑坡監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng),，測試結(jié)果顯示該系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定,，誤碼率低，適用于滑坡監(jiān)測中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,。
滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的研究多是對傳輸方式和監(jiān)測方式的改進,，對于監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)模型的優(yōu)化還很欠缺，因此在傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)模型基礎上提出了基于全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)-實時動態(tài)載波相位差分技術(Global Navigation Satellite System-Real-time Kinematic,，GNSS-RTK)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)模型,，并根據(jù)該模型數(shù)據(jù)量大、傳輸實時性強的特點,，在滑坡監(jiān)測區(qū)域內(nèi)采用LoRa無線傳輸,，通過通用移動通信技術的長期演進(Long Term Evolution，LTE)技術實現(xiàn)與后臺服務器的快速交互,。傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是由基站,、觀測站和服務器三部分組成，新型雙層滑坡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)從觀測站入手改進,，將觀測站這個“點”外擴為觀測站微區(qū)域系統(tǒng)這個“面”,，可實現(xiàn)由“點”的監(jiān)測擴大到“面”區(qū)域的監(jiān)測,。雙層滑坡系統(tǒng)還使監(jiān)測性能更加穩(wěn)定，可解決傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)基站和觀測站同時偏移的漏警問題,。
