中圖分類號(hào)： TP391 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.212422 中文引用格式： 楊斌,，王敬宇，劉衛(wèi)國,，等. GRAPES區(qū)域模式的輸入輸出分析和優(yōu)化[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,，2022，48(1)：39-45,，52. 英文引用格式： Yang Bin,，Wang Jingyu，Liu Weiguo,，et al. Input/Output analysis and optimization for GRAPES regional model[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,，2022，48(1)：39-45,，52.
Input/Output analysis and optimization for GRAPES regional model
Yang Bin1,，2，Wang Jingyu3,，Liu Weiguo1,，2，Cai Huiyi2,，Yu Fei4,，5，Deng Liantang4,，5,，Huang Liping4，5
1.School of Software,，Shandong University,，Jinan 250101，China,；2.National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi,，Wuxi 214072，China,； 3.National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering & Technology，Beijing 100086,，China,； 4.Numerical Weather Prediction Center of CMA，Beijing 100081,，China,；5.State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,，Beijing 100081，China
Abstract： The new generation Global/Regional Assimilation and PreEdiction System(GRAPES) is a homegrown numerical weather prediction software developed by China Meteorological Administration(CMA). As the requirements for model resolution and prediction timeliness increase, the Input/Output(I/O) performance of GRAPES becomes a critical performance bottleneck. This paper performs a deep analysis of I/O behavior for the GRAPES regional model,，and proposes, designs and implements a high-performance I/O framework. This framework achieves a flexible and configurable output method through binary encoding and multiple I/O channels. At the same time, asynchronous I/O is included by non-blocking communication, which hides the I/O and communication overhead. The framework has been tested on the Sugon Pai supercomputer, and the results show that the framework can not only improve I/O performance by up to over ten times but also reduce the performance uncertainty caused by performance jitter.
Key words : I/O optimization,；asynchronous I/O；GRAPES,；CMA-MESO,；regional model
0 引言
天氣預(yù)報(bào)與人民財(cái)產(chǎn)和生命安全休戚相關(guān)。近年來高影響天氣事件（例如鄭州暴雨）的發(fā)生頻度和強(qiáng)度持續(xù)增加,，嚴(yán)重影響經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展,，威脅人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。對(duì)高影響天氣的精準(zhǔn)預(yù)報(bào)已經(jīng)成為國際熱點(diǎn),，以及國家防災(zāi)減災(zāi)決策中的關(guān)鍵和迫切需求,。自20世紀(jì)80年代起，數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)已成為國際天氣預(yù)報(bào)的主流發(fā)展趨勢,，天氣形勢預(yù)報(bào)時(shí)效目前達(dá)到甚至超過7天,，而制作更精細(xì)的數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)，提高天氣預(yù)報(bào)準(zhǔn)確率的關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)一步提高數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)的精確度[1],。超高分辨率模擬和高頻觀測資料的快速應(yīng)用是當(dāng)前提升數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)精確度的關(guān)鍵,，也是極其重要又極具挑戰(zhàn)的計(jì)算應(yīng)用。全球/區(qū)域多尺度統(tǒng)一的同化與數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)(Global/Regional Assimilation and PreEdiction System,，GRAPES)[2]應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,，GRAPES是我國歷時(shí)超過二十年自主研發(fā)，以多尺度通用非精力動(dòng)力框架為核心開發(fā)建立的可插拔式的新一代通用數(shù)值分析同化與預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng),。目前GRAPES已成為我國中期數(shù)值天氣預(yù)報(bào)的業(yè)務(wù)化模式,，不僅能夠預(yù)報(bào)大尺度形勢場，而且在要素預(yù)報(bào)(如降水量,、風(fēng),、濕、壓等)準(zhǔn)確性也在逐步提高,，逐漸在預(yù)報(bào)業(yè)務(wù)一線發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用[3-5],。
