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分布式VANETs中車流自適應(yīng)的低沖突TDMA-MAC協(xié)議
信息技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全 6期
程 凱,,張信明
(中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,,安徽 合肥230026)
摘要: 在分布式車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,動(dòng)態(tài)變化的雙向車流會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響基于slot分組的TDMA-MAC協(xié)議降低沖突的效果以及整體協(xié)議的安全性與可靠性,,對(duì)此設(shè)計(jì)一種車流自適應(yīng)的低沖突TDMA-MAC協(xié)議TALC-MAC,。采用slot占用率作為分組調(diào)整的判斷依據(jù),,設(shè)計(jì)詳細(xì)的分組擴(kuò)展與收縮策略以適應(yīng)車流實(shí)際分布,。同時(shí)優(yōu)化幀內(nèi)slot分組方案與節(jié)點(diǎn)預(yù)約slot的策略,,進(jìn)一步降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)中發(fā)生沖突的概率,。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明TALC-MAC能有效適應(yīng)雙向車流的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,保持協(xié)議整體低沖突的特性,。
中圖分類號(hào):TP393
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI: 10.19358/j.issn.2096-5133.2022.06.014
引用格式: 程凱,,張信明. 分布式VANETs中車流自適應(yīng)的低沖突TDMA-MAC協(xié)議[J].信息技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全,,2022,,41(6):84-93.
A traffic adaptive and low collision TDMA-MAC protocol in distributed VANETs
Cheng Kai,Zhang Xinming
(School of Computer Science and Technology,,University of Science and Technology of China,,Hefei 230026,China)
Abstract: In distributed vehicular ad hoc networks, the dynamically changing two-way traffic flow seriously affects the collision reduction effect of Time Division Multiple Access based Medium Access Control(TDMA-MAC) protocol using the slot grouping scheme, and the security and reliability of the overall protocol. To this end, a traffic adaptive and low collision TDMA-MAC protocol, named TALC-MAC, is designed. The slot occupancy rate is used as the judgment basis for group adjustment, and a detailed group expansion and contraction strategy is designed to adapt to the actual distribution of traffic flow. The intra-frame slot grouping scheme and the node reservation slot strategy are optimized to further reduce the probability of collision in the network. The simulation results show that TALC-MAC can effectively adapt to the dynamic changes of two-way traffic flow, and maintain the low-collision characteristic of the protocol.
Key words : TDMA mechanism;slot occupancy rate,;merge collision rate,;vehicular ad hoc networks

0 引言

車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,,VANETs)作為智能交通系統(tǒng)不可或缺的組成部分,自被提出以來就因其在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域的廣闊應(yīng)用前景而受到學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注[1],。它是一種在移動(dòng)車輛之間或車輛與路邊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之間通過短距離通信技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)互連的專用網(wǎng)絡(luò),,能夠?yàn)榻煌▍⑴c者所需要的安全類,、服務(wù)類,、管理類等豐富的上層應(yīng)用提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持[2],。

在分布式VANETs中,,車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)在控制信道上周期性廣播的基礎(chǔ)安全消息(Basic Safety Message,,BSM)是整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)高效、可靠運(yùn)行的重要一環(huán)[3],。一方面安全類應(yīng)用可以據(jù)此進(jìn)行事故規(guī)避、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估以及駕駛輔助等諸多決策,,另一方面依據(jù)該消息中車輛信息進(jìn)行上層協(xié)議的優(yōu)化也能提高非安全類應(yīng)用的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)[4],。因此如何在多節(jié)點(diǎn)之間合理,、高效,、低沖突地分配控制信道資源,實(shí)現(xiàn)BSM的可靠傳輸是分布式場(chǎng)景中媒體訪問控制層(Medium Access Control,,MAC)協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要的問題[5],。時(shí)分多址(Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA)機(jī)制被認(rèn)為是一種能確保節(jié)點(diǎn)及時(shí),、可靠傳輸各類消息的高效方案,,尤其是在中高節(jié)點(diǎn)密度場(chǎng)景中表現(xiàn)突出,然而在VANETs中,,由于節(jié)點(diǎn)高速移動(dòng),、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋭?dòng)態(tài)變化等特性所導(dǎo)致的接入沖突與融入沖突,將影響沖突節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸BSM的時(shí)效性,,進(jìn)而降低整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性與穩(wěn)定性[6],。




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作者信息:

程  凱,張信明

(中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,,安徽 合肥230026)



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