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基于移相控制的鋰電池組雙層電壓均衡電路
2022年電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用第10期
吳磊威,趙世偉,,楊向宇
華南理工大學(xué) 電力學(xué)院,廣東 廣州510641
摘要: 單節(jié)鋰電池的端電壓較低,,實際應(yīng)用中往往采用多節(jié)鋰電池串并聯(lián)成組來達(dá)到電壓和功率要求。為避免由于鋰電池不一致性而引起的過充,、過放,、能量利用率低等問題,有必要對串聯(lián)鋰電池組進(jìn)行均衡控制,。提出一種基于開關(guān)電感與Star型連接的LC串聯(lián)支路的雙層電壓均衡電路,,以兩節(jié)電池單體為一個單元,單元內(nèi)部由開關(guān)電感型均衡電路實現(xiàn)電壓均衡,,單元之間由Star型接法的LC串聯(lián)支路的均衡電路來實現(xiàn)任意單元至任意單元的電壓均衡,,并可以通過調(diào)節(jié)移相占空比來控制電池單元之間均衡速度的快慢。由于這兩層均衡電路共用同一組開關(guān)管,,減少了開關(guān)管及其驅(qū)動電路,、電感、電容等元器件的數(shù)量,,降低了成本,。仿真和實驗結(jié)果表明了該均衡電路的有效性。
中圖分類號: TN710
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.222711
中文引用格式: 吳磊威,,趙世偉,,楊向宇. 基于移相控制的鋰電池組雙層電壓均衡電路[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2022,,48(10):123-128.
英文引用格式: Wu Leiwei,,Zhao Shiwei,Yang Xiangyu. Voltage equalization circuit based on phase shift control for lithium battery pack[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,,2022,,48(10):123-128.
Voltage equalization circuit based on phase shift control for lithium battery pack
Wu Leiwei,Zhao Shiwei,,Yang Xiangyu
School of Electric Power,,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,,China
Abstract: The terminal voltage of a single lithium battery is low. In practical applications, multiple lithium batteries are often connected in series and in parallel to meet the voltage and power requirements. In order to avoid problems such as overcharging, overdischarge and low energy utilization caused by inconsistency of lithium batteries, it is necessary to balance the series lithium battery pack. In this paper, a double-tiered voltage equalization circuit based on switched-inductor and star-structured inductor-capacitor series branch is proposed, which uses two batteries as a single unit. Voltage equalization is achieved by switched-inductor equalization circuit inside the unit, and voltage equalization from any unit to any unit is achieved by the star-structured inductor-capacitor series branch equalization circuit, the speed of equalization between battery units can be controlled by adjusting the phase-shift duty ratio. Because these two equalization circuits share the same set of switches, the number of switches and their driving circuits, inductors and capacitors is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The results of simulation and experiment verify the validity of the equalization circuit.
Key words : voltage equalization,;switched-inductor;inductor-capacitor series branch,;phase-shift control

0 引言

    與傳統(tǒng)的鉛酸電池相比較,,鋰電池由于高能量密度,、低自放電率、無記憶效應(yīng)等特點在電動汽車,、不間斷電源,、便攜移動設(shè)備等場合得到廣泛應(yīng)用[1]。但由于單節(jié)鋰電池的端電壓較低,,為滿足電壓和功率需求,需要將多節(jié)鋰電池單體串并聯(lián)成組使用,,由于鋰電池不一致性,,串聯(lián)電池組在應(yīng)用時出現(xiàn)“木桶效應(yīng)”,導(dǎo)致實際可用容量遠(yuǎn)低于額定容量,,而且容易發(fā)生過充,、過放,加速電池老化,,甚至引發(fā)著火,、爆炸事故[2]。因此,,為提高電池的性能和延長使用壽命,,對電池組進(jìn)行均衡具有重要意義。

    基于開關(guān)電容的均衡電路,,由于結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,、體積小、成本低等優(yōu)點,,成為研究熱點,。文獻(xiàn)[3]提出的傳統(tǒng)開關(guān)電容均衡電路,文獻(xiàn)[4]提出的飛渡電容均衡電路,,均衡速度和效率會隨著串聯(lián)電池組電池數(shù)目增加而下降,。為提高均衡速度,文獻(xiàn)[5]提出了雙層開關(guān)電容型,,文獻(xiàn)[6]提出了鏈?zhǔn)介_關(guān)電容型,,文獻(xiàn)[7]將雙層開關(guān)電容與鏈?zhǔn)介_關(guān)電容型電路結(jié)合起來。文獻(xiàn)[8]提出了一種Delta型開關(guān)電容電路,,可以實現(xiàn)任意單體對任意單體的能量轉(zhuǎn)移,,均衡速度更快。文獻(xiàn)[5-8]都是通過增加均衡路徑的方式來提高均衡速度,,使得元器件的數(shù)量增加,,成本變高。文獻(xiàn)[9-10]在不增加均衡路徑的基礎(chǔ)上,,用簡易的Star型接法的開關(guān)電容均衡電路實現(xiàn)了任意單體至任意單體的均衡,。文獻(xiàn)[11]提出一種基于開關(guān)電感和串聯(lián)LC變換器的均衡電路,,明顯減少了開關(guān)管的數(shù)量,并引入移相控制,,加快了均衡速度,,但其移相時間的計算過程比較復(fù)雜,而且僅適用于兩個單元的情況,。




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作者信息:

吳磊威,趙世偉,,楊向宇

(華南理工大學(xué) 電力學(xué)院,,廣東 廣州510641)




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