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個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利司法實(shí)現(xiàn)的解釋論展開
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 9期
譚昱琪
(華東政法大學(xué) 法律學(xué)院,,上海201600)
摘要: 《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第50條規(guī)定了個(gè)人信息權(quán)益的司法保護(hù)程序,,但在該條第2款的性質(zhì)及其與相關(guān)條款的適用關(guān)系層面仍存疑惑。從解釋論的視角出發(fā),,該條系對(duì)個(gè)人信息主體訴權(quán)的確認(rèn)而非請(qǐng)求權(quán)規(guī)范,第2款前句是個(gè)人信息主體行使訴權(quán)的前置要件,,但并不適用于所有個(gè)人信息權(quán)利之訴,。當(dāng)不存在任何侵害行為時(shí),個(gè)人信息主體需向個(gè)人信息處理者行使個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利且被拒絕后,,才能尋求司法救濟(jì),;當(dāng)個(gè)人信息權(quán)益受到侵害或存在侵害之虞,但不存在損害結(jié)果時(shí),個(gè)人信息主體的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)為相應(yīng)的個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利,,不以向個(gè)人信息處理者提出請(qǐng)求且被拒絕作為起訴的受理?xiàng)l件,;當(dāng)個(gè)人因個(gè)人信息權(quán)益被侵害且存在損害結(jié)果時(shí),可依據(jù)《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第69條直接提起訴訟并要求賠償,。
中圖分類號(hào):D923.8
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.007
引用格式:譚昱琪.個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利司法實(shí)現(xiàn)的解釋論展開[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,,2023,42(9):42-49,58.
Explanatory analysis on judicial implementation of individuals′ rights in personal information processing activities
Tan Yuqi
(School of Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201600, China)
Abstract: Article 50 of Personal Information Protection Law specifies the judicial protection procedure for personal information rights and interests, but there are still doubts about the nature of paragraph 2 and its relationship with related provisions. From an interpretive perspective, Article 50 of the Personal Information Protection Law confirms the right of personal information subjects to bring a lawsuit rather than a request, and the first clause of paragraph 2 is a prerequisite for personal information subjects to exercise their right to bring a lawsuit, but it does not apply to all personal information rights lawsuits. When there is no infringement, personal information subjects need to have their personal information subject rights refused by the personal information processor before seeking judicial relief; when personal information rights and interests are infringed or under threat of infringement, but there is no harm, the basis for personal information subjects′ requests is the corresponding personal information subject right, and bringing a lawsuit is not a prerequisite for accepting the request to the personal information processor; when personal information subjects are harmed due to personal information infringement, they can directly file a lawsuit in accordance with Article 69 of the Personal Information Protection Law.
Key words : Personal Information Protection Law;prerequisite for the right to bring a lawsuit;remedies for personal information rights and interests.

0      引言

個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第四章單獨(dú)列明了個(gè)人在信息處理活動(dòng)中的權(quán)利,,包括查閱權(quán),、復(fù)制權(quán)、可攜權(quán),、更正補(bǔ)充權(quán),、刪除權(quán)等權(quán)利(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利”)。這些權(quán)利是保護(hù)承載于個(gè)人信息之上的主體權(quán)益的程序性權(quán)利[1],,系個(gè)人信息主體對(duì)抗個(gè)人信息處理者(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“信息主體”與“信息處理者”),,防止信息主體的個(gè)人信息被濫用的手段性權(quán)利工具。而《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第50條第2款使得信息主體可以向司法機(jī)關(guān)尋求有關(guān)個(gè)人信息權(quán)益的救濟(jì)[2],,強(qiáng)化了《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》作為個(gè)人信息保護(hù)基本法的法律地位[3],。

然而,若以體系化適用的眼光審視《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第50條第2款,,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該款在適用過程中存在層層阻礙,。就其性質(zhì)而言,該款究竟是對(duì)訴權(quán)的賦予或確認(rèn)還是一種請(qǐng)求權(quán)規(guī)范,,涉及到信息主體在尋求信息權(quán)益救濟(jì)時(shí)的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ),。就其適用條件而言,《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第50條第2款規(guī)定的“個(gè)人信息處理者拒絕個(gè)人行使權(quán)利的請(qǐng)求”是否為所有個(gè)人信息權(quán)利之訴或個(gè)人信息侵權(quán)之訴的受理?xiàng)l件,?并且,,由于該款涉及個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體司法路徑,而上述阻礙又同時(shí)導(dǎo)致其與個(gè)人信息權(quán)益保護(hù)的其他司法路徑,,例如《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》第69條,、《民法典》第995條以及第1 037條的適用范圍纏繞不清。

因此,,如何整合個(gè)人信息主體權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的規(guī)范體系,,平衡信息主體與信息處理者的利益,成為個(gè)人信息權(quán)益保護(hù)的重要課題,。



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作者信息:

譚昱琪

(華東政法大學(xué) 法律學(xué)院,,上海201600)


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