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數(shù)據(jù)利他主義:歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理新理念及其啟示
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
張藝洋
華東政法大學(xué)刑事法學(xué)院,,上海201620
摘要: 歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理法(DGA)的正式出臺(tái)標(biāo)志著歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理模式開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)型,。該法的重心在于通過(guò)貫徹利他主義這一核心理念來(lái)強(qiáng)化公共數(shù)據(jù)的再利用。利他主義作為一種新的數(shù)據(jù)治理理念,,對(duì)之進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析,,有利于為我國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)治理所借鑒利用,。首先梳理歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理歷程和邏輯框架,數(shù)據(jù)利他主義是發(fā)展到現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享階段的必然結(jié)果,,分析數(shù)據(jù)利他主義治理的概念及其特點(diǎn),、其指導(dǎo)下的數(shù)據(jù)治理模式,如公共機(jī)構(gòu)部門共享模式和數(shù)據(jù)中介共享模式,。進(jìn)而對(duì)DGA尤其是該法貫徹的利他理念進(jìn)行評(píng)析,,在此基礎(chǔ)上為我國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)治理提出借鑒思路。我國(guó)宜從發(fā)展數(shù)據(jù)利他主義理念,、引入多元數(shù)據(jù)共享主體和完善數(shù)據(jù)共享立法體系的角度對(duì)之加以借鑒,。
中圖分類號(hào):D99;D922.17文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.12.012
引用格式:張藝洋.數(shù)據(jù)利他主義:歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理新理念及其啟示[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,,42(12):71-77,89.
Data altruism: a new concept of data governance in the EU and its implications
Zhang Yiyang
School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,,Shanghai 201620, China
Abstract: The official introduction of the EU Data Governance Act (DGA) marks the beginning of the transformation of the EU data governance model. The focus of the law is to strengthen the reuse of data by implementing the core idea of altruism. As a new concept of data governance, altruism can be used as a reference for our country′s data governance through systematic analysis. Firstly, it analyzes the concept and characteristics of data altruism governance, and the data governance model under its guidance, such as government sharing model and data intermediary sharing model. Then it evaluates and analyzes the concept, and puts forward a reference idea on this basis. We should learn from it from the perspectives of updating legislative ideas, strengthening legislative techniques and perfecting the legislative system.
Key words : data altruism; data governance act; EU data governance; data sharing

引言 

近日我國(guó)外交部就制定“全球數(shù)字契約”向聯(lián)合國(guó)提交了意見(jiàn),闡明了我國(guó)關(guān)于全球數(shù)字治理相關(guān)問(wèn)題的立場(chǎng),,包括基本原則和具體建議,,其中推動(dòng)數(shù)字的有效治理成為關(guān)切的重點(diǎn)之一。歐盟《數(shù)據(jù)治理法》[1](Data Governance Act,,DGA)自2020年11月25日提出草案,,歷時(shí)12個(gè)月試行之后,于2022年6月經(jīng)歐盟理事會(huì)批準(zhǔn),,2023年9月開(kāi)始普遍適用,。與美國(guó)科技巨頭為主、政府部門為輔的數(shù)據(jù)治理模式不同,,歐盟以數(shù)據(jù)利他主義(Altruism)為核心理念,,并以此形成了公共部門機(jī)構(gòu)共享模式和數(shù)據(jù)中介共享模式。歐盟在數(shù)據(jù)治理領(lǐng)域一直處于前沿地位,,結(jié)合其在數(shù)據(jù)治理領(lǐng)域的已有探索,,進(jìn)而對(duì)新近頒布的數(shù)據(jù)治理法進(jìn)行深入探究,有利于吸收其數(shù)據(jù)治理經(jīng)驗(yàn),,為我所用,。本文將系統(tǒng)分析歐盟數(shù)據(jù)利他主義治理理念及其指導(dǎo)下的數(shù)據(jù)治理新模式,在此基礎(chǔ)上凝練出適合我國(guó)在數(shù)據(jù)治理方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示。1歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理歷程及數(shù)據(jù)利他主義的產(chǎn)生11歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理發(fā)展階段歐盟數(shù)據(jù)治理理念經(jīng)歷了從注重?cái)?shù)據(jù)安全到安全前提下的發(fā)展之轉(zhuǎn)變,。大體上可以分為以下幾個(gè)階段:(1)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)起步期,。從20世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始,歐洲國(guó)家開(kāi)始在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施自己的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)規(guī)范,,如1970年《德國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)法》和1973年《瑞典數(shù)據(jù)法》,。


作者信息

張藝洋

(華東政法大學(xué)刑事法學(xué)院,上海201620)


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