文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
文章編號(hào): 0258-7998(2012)12-0105-04
自適應(yīng)陣列天線利用期望和干擾的不同空間來向,,通過空域自適應(yīng)濾波,,把天線方向圖主瓣對(duì)準(zhǔn)期望信號(hào),,零陷對(duì)準(zhǔn)干擾,最終抑制干擾,,提高系統(tǒng)輸出信干噪比SINR(Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio),。目前自適應(yīng)濾波算法包括了各種盲算法和非盲算法[1],同時(shí),,針對(duì)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的波束合成也有相關(guān)研究,,例如,多用戶無線通信系統(tǒng),、協(xié)同通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),、頻率選擇性衰落環(huán)境等[2-4]。但任何算法都需要首先通過正交變換,,把陣元接收的實(shí)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)信號(hào),。基本的變換方法包括抽取濾波,、Hilbert變換[5]以及正交數(shù)字下變頻,。采用數(shù)字下變頻方式實(shí)現(xiàn)正交化時(shí),由于未進(jìn)行載波同步,,必然存在殘留頻差,。該殘留頻差會(huì)對(duì)自適應(yīng)濾波算法存在影響,如何克服這種影響,,是工程實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中需要解決的問題,。
1 中頻信號(hào)模型
目前的軟件無線電接收機(jī),由于器件性能的限制,,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)射頻直接采樣[6],,所以,中頻數(shù)字化的超外差結(jié)構(gòu)是普遍采用的方案,。自適應(yīng)陣列天線作為單獨(dú)功能模塊,,其數(shù)字信號(hào)處理模塊位于ADC之后,,對(duì)于單個(gè)通道,輸入期望信號(hào)s0(t)是頻率為fIF,,帶寬為Bs的中頻信號(hào),,輸出也是相同頻率的中頻信號(hào)。在采用數(shù)字調(diào)制情況下,,中頻信號(hào)可以表示為:
對(duì)于下變頻模塊,,輸出同相和正交支路分別對(duì)應(yīng)復(fù)基帶信號(hào)的實(shí)部和虛部。由于變頻對(duì)噪聲統(tǒng)計(jì)特性沒有
比較式(30)與式(19),,二者相等,。所以,此時(shí)分析方法和結(jié)論與2.2節(jié)是相同的,。
3 仿真
仿真采用8陣元均勻線陣,,陣元間距為載波半波長(zhǎng),采用QPSK調(diào)制,其中頻頻率為70 MHz,帶寬為10 MHz,,信噪比為10 dB,,入射角度為60°。同時(shí),,存在一個(gè)同頻的點(diǎn)頻干擾信號(hào),,為了便于圖中觀察,采用較小干噪比3 dB,,入射角度150°,。系統(tǒng)采樣率為100 MHz,而且進(jìn)行帶通采樣,。
圖3為陣列接收中頻信號(hào)頻譜,,由于100 MHz帶通采樣,所以30 MHz和70 MHz都有信號(hào),。頻譜中,,干擾疊加在載波頻率位置,為單譜線,。
在窄帶的自適應(yīng)陣列天線的設(shè)計(jì)中,,可以采用正交變換獲得中頻輸入信號(hào)的解析信號(hào)。即使輸出零中頻信號(hào)存在殘留頻差,,只要上下變頻采用相同本振,,該殘留頻差不會(huì)對(duì)抗干擾產(chǎn)生影響。即使在帶通采樣情況下,,結(jié)論也相同,。
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