文獻標識碼: A
文章編號: 0258-7998(2013)09-0061-02
隨著印制電路板(PCB)集成度的提高,,寄生參數(shù)會破壞PCB電源分配網(wǎng)絡(luò)(PDN)的穩(wěn)定性[1],PDN的阻抗ZPDN會產(chǎn)生尖峰(反諧振點),參考文獻[2]通過去耦電容削弱ZPDN的尖峰并將其推移至PCB的非工作頻段,,指出了并聯(lián)去耦電容的等效特性阻抗會產(chǎn)生反諧振點,,且該點不可以大于目標阻抗。參考文獻[3]總結(jié)了各種電容器隨著頻率升高,,其特性阻抗,、有效容值受寄生電阻的影響;參考文獻[4]是從場角度研究電容特性阻抗與寄生參數(shù)的關(guān)系,,參考文獻[5]采用運算放大器來增加電容的有效容值,。以上文獻都均未給出寄生參數(shù)和去耦電容特性阻抗反諧振點關(guān)系的完整模型。
參考文獻[6]詳細描述了單個電容寄生參數(shù)與特性阻抗之間的關(guān)系,;參考文獻[7-8]從等效電路角度計算出了ZPDN尖峰的頻率位置,;參考文獻[9]將PDN等效為微波網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算出了ZPDN尖峰的頻率位置;上述文獻中,,僅給出了寄生參數(shù)變化對反諧振點的影響的仿真圖形,,并沒有給出相應(yīng)數(shù)學(xué)模型。
本文主要在參考文獻[6,,8]的基礎(chǔ)上,,推導(dǎo)并驗證了并聯(lián)電容特性阻抗反諧振點與電容寄生參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,即合理選取最佳去耦電容來盡可能壓低反諧振點的阻抗,,然后在Cadence開發(fā)環(huán)境中實施了該方法,,從而在選取去耦電容器這一環(huán)節(jié)上給出了重要的理論參考。
1 電容特性阻抗分析
圖1為并聯(lián)電容的等效電路模型[7],,阻抗為:
本文從并聯(lián)電容的等效電路模型出發(fā),,推導(dǎo)出電容參數(shù)與反諧振點頻率、反諧振點幅度的數(shù)學(xué)模型,,然后將此模型應(yīng)用到基于目標阻抗的設(shè)計中,。通過簡單計算,驗證了電容組選取的合理性,。此方法簡單直觀,,為高速電路設(shè)計人員在選擇去耦電容時提供了有價值的參考。
參考文獻
[1] POPOVICH M,,F(xiàn)RIEDMAN E G,,SOTMAN M,et al.On chip power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages for high-performance integrated circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) Systems,,2008,,7(16):908-921.
[2] SMITH L D,ANDERSON R E,,F(xiàn)OREHAND D W,et al. Power distribution system design methodology and capacitor selection for modern CMOS technology[J].IEEE Transactions on Adcanced Packaging,1999,,3(22):284-291.
[3] CHARANIA T,,OPAL A,SACHDEV M.Analysis and design of on-chip decoupling capacitors[J].IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) Systems,,2012:1-11.
[4] JIAO D,,KIM J H,He Jianqi.Efficient full-wave characterization of discrete high-density multiterminal decoupling capacitors for high-speed digital systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Adcanced Packaging,,2008,,31(1):154-162.
[5] Gu Jie,HARJANI R,,KIM C H.Design and implementation of active decoupling capacitor circuits for power supply regulation in digital ICS[J].IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) Systems,,2009,17(2):292-301.
[6] NOVAK I,,NOUJEIM L M,,CYR V S,et al.Distributed matched bypassing for board-level power distribution
networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Adcanced Packaging,,2002,,2(25):230-243.
[7] POPOVICH M,F(xiàn)RIEDMAN E G.Decoupling capacitors for multi-voltage power distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) Systems,,2006,,14(3):217-228.
[8] KIM J,SHRIGARPURE K,,F(xiàn)an Jun,,et al.Equivalent circuit model for power bus design in multi-layer PCBs with via arrays[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2011,,21(2):62-64.
[9] Zhang Yaojiang,,OO Z Z,Wei Xingchang,,et al.Systematic microwave network analysis for multilayer printed circuit boards with vias and decoupling capacitors[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,,2010,52(2):401-409.