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消費(fèi)型App強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”的形式,、原因與規(guī)制
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
文禹衡1,2,虞美婷1
1.湘潭大學(xué)法學(xué)學(xué)部,;2.湖南省數(shù)據(jù)治理與智慧司法研究中心
摘要: 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)線下經(jīng)濟(jì)大量向線上轉(zhuǎn)移,,App平臺(tái)成為用戶在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)的重要工具,。“平臺(tái)強(qiáng)-用戶弱”的失衡格局長(zhǎng)期存在于網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域,,App平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”用戶協(xié)議已然成為行業(yè)慣例,。消費(fèi)型App利用其網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),以顯性形式或隱性形式強(qiáng)制面臨信息鴻溝的用戶同意其制定的用戶協(xié)議,,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取消費(fèi)者個(gè)人信息,、規(guī)避法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等目的。強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”不僅違反了平等,、自愿原則,而且嚴(yán)重侵害了用戶的知情權(quán),、選擇權(quán)等權(quán)利,,這種強(qiáng)制行為亟需規(guī)制,。一方面,要規(guī)范用戶協(xié)議,,平衡消費(fèi)型App和用戶之間的地位,;另一方面,推進(jìn)用戶數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)化,,提升用戶議價(jià)能力,,增加平臺(tái)的規(guī)避成本。通過(guò)規(guī)制以促使消費(fèi)型App平臺(tái)履行保護(hù)個(gè)人信息和數(shù)據(jù)安全等法定的合規(guī)義務(wù),,平衡消費(fèi)型App平臺(tái)和用戶之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系,,推進(jìn)App平臺(tái)從“形式合規(guī)”轉(zhuǎn)向“實(shí)質(zhì)合規(guī)”。
中圖分類號(hào):D913文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.08.013
引用格式:文禹衡,,虞美婷.消費(fèi)型App強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”的形式,、原因與規(guī)制[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2024,,43(8):76-81.
The form, reason and regulation of mandatory "user consent" of consumer Apps
Wen Yuheng1,2,Yu Meiting1
1.Faculty of Law, Xiangtan University; 2.Hunan Data Governance and Smart Justice Research Center
Abstract: With the development of the Internet economy, the traditional offline economy has shifted significantly online, and the App platform has become an important tool for users to consume on the Internet. The "Strong Platform-Weak User" imbalance pattern persists in the Internet domain. Consumer App takes advantage of its network technology to force users facing the information gap, in explicit or implicit form to agree to the user agreement, so as to achieve the purpose of obtaining consumer personal information and avoiding legal risks and so on. Forcing "user consent" not only violates the principle of equality and voluntariness, but also seriously violates the user′s right to information, choice, and other rights, such coercive behavior urgently need to be regulated. On the one hand, we should regulate the user agreement and balance the status between consumer App and user; On the other hand, promote user data property, improve user bargaining ability, increase the cost of platform avoidance. Regulatory strategies can promote the consumer App platform to fulfill its statutory compliance obligations such as protecting personal information and data security, balance the relationship between the rights and obligations of the consumer App platform and users, and move the App platform from "form compliance" to "substantive compliance".
Key words : consumer Apps; user consent; overt coercion; implicit coercion; regulatory strategies; substantive compliance

引言

App平臺(tái)成為人們?nèi)粘I钇毡?、便捷的重要工具之一,但App平臺(tái)通過(guò)強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”用戶協(xié)議,、隱私協(xié)議等(下文統(tǒng)稱“用戶協(xié)議”),,追求后續(xù)收集、處理用戶個(gè)人信息與數(shù)據(jù)的形式合規(guī),,從而規(guī)避法律責(zé)任,。“合規(guī)”淪為企業(yè)處理個(gè)人信息與數(shù)據(jù)的過(guò)場(chǎng)儀式,,用戶的個(gè)人信息與數(shù)據(jù)安全難以得到保障等問(wèn)題日益凸顯,,盡管《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》等相關(guān)法律在一定程度上規(guī)范了App平臺(tái),但侵犯用戶權(quán)益問(wèn)題似乎沒(méi)有得到根本解決,。App平臺(tái)中存在的各種不良現(xiàn)象,,不僅僅是職業(yè)道德與行業(yè)倫理的問(wèn)題,更是觸犯了法律的底線[1],。規(guī)制App平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制用戶同意行為,,是當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域亟需解決的問(wèn)題。目前,,學(xué)界研究大多從App平臺(tái)和用戶之間簽訂的用戶協(xié)議性質(zhì),、影響、內(nèi)容出發(fā),,但較少分析和研究消費(fèi)型App平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”的具體問(wèn)題,。王紅霞、楊玉杰[2]認(rèn)為,,用戶要么不使用服務(wù),,要么就必須接受相應(yīng)的全部要求,;楊祥瑞[3]認(rèn)為,如果用戶在注冊(cè)時(shí)不同意平臺(tái)對(duì)用戶個(gè)人信息的需求,,則將無(wú)法注冊(cè)成功,,也將無(wú)法使用平臺(tái);馬永保[4]認(rèn)為,,社交媒體隱私政策大多文本冗長(zhǎng)繁雜,,而且權(quán)利與義務(wù)不對(duì)稱;陳峰,、王利榮[5]認(rèn)為,,信息收集者設(shè)置的“不選即走”模式和個(gè)人信息的外部可得性使得同意的價(jià)值變得稀薄,;劉裕[6]等認(rèn)為,,App平臺(tái)在隱私政策中誘導(dǎo)用戶授權(quán)、通過(guò)技術(shù)屏障制約用戶權(quán)利保障,。

整體而言,,學(xué)界尚未專門(mén)研究平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制“用戶同意”的問(wèn)題,也未探究消費(fèi)型App平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制用戶同意的具體表現(xiàn)形式及背后原因,。為分析消費(fèi)型App平臺(tái)強(qiáng)制用戶同意的表現(xiàn)形式和產(chǎn)生原因,,本文在工業(yè)和信息化部2022年公布的侵害用戶權(quán)益的App名單中選取樣本展開(kāi)研究。篩選樣本時(shí),,剔除非消費(fèi)型和已經(jīng)無(wú)法下載的App平臺(tái),,共選取30個(gè)App平臺(tái)(如表1所示)。


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作者信息:

文禹衡1,2,,虞美婷1

(1.湘潭大學(xué)法學(xué)學(xué)部,,湖南湘潭411105;2.湖南省數(shù)據(jù)治理與智慧司法研究中心,,湖南湘潭411105)


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