《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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基于MBSE的核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)的頂層需求分析與接口設(shè)計(jì)研究
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
方思聰1,,2,,侯嘉偉1,戴浩1,,2,,祁蔚1,2,,黃尚龍1
1.中核武漢核電運(yùn)行技術(shù)有限公司,;2.中核核工業(yè)仿真技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
摘要: 在核電領(lǐng)域,,任何意外情況都可能引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的后果,,因此,制定科學(xué),、有效的應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)是保障核電安全不可或缺的一環(huán),。作為一種先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)工程方法,基于模型的系統(tǒng)工程(MBSE)以其系統(tǒng)化,、模型化,、可視化的優(yōu)勢(shì),為核電應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施提供了新的思路和方法,。探討了MBSE在核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的初步應(yīng)用,,分析了核電應(yīng)急體系的關(guān)鍵要素以確定其與MBSE方法論的契合度,利用MBSE方法論進(jìn)行了頂層需求的承接,。針對(duì)應(yīng)急體系接口問(wèn)題,,構(gòu)建了核電應(yīng)急體系各組成部分之間的交互模型。結(jié)果表明,,MBSE可以提高核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)便利性和開(kāi)發(fā)效率,。
中圖分類號(hào):TL48 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.245149
中文引用格式: 方思聰,侯嘉偉,,戴浩,,等. 基于MBSE的核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案系統(tǒng)的頂層需求分析與接口設(shè)計(jì)研究[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2024,,50(10):36-43.
英文引用格式: Fang Sicong,,Hou Jiawei,Dai Hao,,et al. Research on top-level requirement analysis and interface design of emergency response management system for nuclear power plants based on MBSE[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,,2024,50(10):36-43.
Research on top-level requirement analysis and interface design of emergency response management system for nuclear power plants based on MBSE
Fang Sicong1,,2,,Hou Jiawei1,,Dai Hao1,2,,Qi Wei1,,2,Huang Shanglong1
1.China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co.,, Ltd.,; 2.CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Industry Simulation
Abstract: In the field of nuclear power, any unforeseen situation may lead to serious consequences. Therefore, the development of scientific and effective emergency response management system is an indispensable part of guaranteeing the safety of nuclear power. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), as an advanced systems engineering method, provides new ideas and methods for the design and implementation of nuclear power emergency response management system with its advantages of systematization, modeling and visualization. The preliminary application of MBSE in nuclear power plant emergency response management system is explored. The key elements of the nuclear power emergency response system are analyzed for its fitness with the MBSE methodology, and the MBSE methodology is utilized to undertake the top-level requirements. The interaction model between the components of the nuclear power emergency response system is constructed for the emergency response system interface problem. The results indicate that MBSE can enhance the convenience of designing emergency response management systems for nuclear power plants and improve the development efficiency.
Key words : Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE);nuclear power plant emergency response management system,;requirement analysis,;interface design

引言

保護(hù)環(huán)境、保障核電廠工作人員及周邊地區(qū)廣大公眾的健康和安全是我國(guó)發(fā)展核電事業(yè)嚴(yán)格遵循的一條基本方針,。核電廠場(chǎng)內(nèi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案是核應(yīng)急體系有效運(yùn)作的基礎(chǔ),,是核電廠營(yíng)運(yùn)單位為提高保障公眾安全和處置應(yīng)急事件的能力,最大限度地預(yù)防和減少應(yīng)急事件及其造成的損害,,保障公眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,,依據(jù)國(guó)家核安全相關(guān)法律、法規(guī),、規(guī)范編制而成的應(yīng)急事件應(yīng)對(duì)的原則性方案[1],。應(yīng)急預(yù)案提供了應(yīng)急事件應(yīng)對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化反應(yīng)程序,是應(yīng)急事件處置的基本規(guī)則和應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的重要依據(jù),。

核電廠應(yīng)急事件具有種類多,、分布廣、損失大,、影響深等特點(diǎn),,因此在構(gòu)建核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案體系過(guò)程中必須考慮覆蓋各專業(yè)、各系統(tǒng),、各種來(lái)源和類型的應(yīng)急事件,,使預(yù)案具有系統(tǒng)性、完整性和廣泛性,。對(duì)于如此龐大的系統(tǒng),,目前應(yīng)急預(yù)案通常是電子文檔的形式,導(dǎo)致相關(guān)資料查找困難,,且不同人從文檔中查找各種要求和記錄分析可能存在二義性[2],。其次基于文檔的設(shè)計(jì)缺乏需求管理體系,很難在不同階段對(duì)需求進(jìn)行追蹤以及驗(yàn)證,。因此,,建立對(duì)應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)模型尤為重要。例如,,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析和應(yīng)急能力評(píng)估是應(yīng)急預(yù)案設(shè)計(jì)的基石,,需建立在核電廠故障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與應(yīng)急能力模型之上,。并且預(yù)案評(píng)估和修訂常通過(guò)應(yīng)急演習(xí)進(jìn)行,但該方法周期長(zhǎng),、成本高,,若無(wú)系統(tǒng)模型輔助,工作將更為困難,。

基于模型的系統(tǒng)工程(MBSE)是以模型驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)流程,,利用模型表達(dá)系統(tǒng)全生命周期中需求、設(shè)計(jì),、分析,、驗(yàn)證和確認(rèn)等過(guò)程[3]。MBSE能夠以數(shù)字化,、圖形化,、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的模型完成對(duì)系統(tǒng)的表達(dá),在系統(tǒng)研制過(guò)程中能夠有效地提升設(shè)計(jì)需求一致性,、增強(qiáng)需求可追溯性,。

本文采用基于模型的系統(tǒng)工程方法論,,對(duì)核電廠應(yīng)急預(yù)案進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),,實(shí)現(xiàn)從需求分析、功能設(shè)計(jì),、邏輯映射的完整閉環(huán),,滿足用戶需求。


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作者信息:

方思聰1,,2,,侯嘉偉1,戴浩1,,2,,祁蔚1,2,,黃尚龍1

(1.中核武漢核電運(yùn)行技術(shù)有限公司,,湖北 武漢 430223;

2.中核核工業(yè)仿真技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,,湖北 武漢 430223)


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