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互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取行為的反不正當(dāng)競爭規(guī)制研究
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
胡佳濼
中國人民公安大學(xué)
摘要: 關(guān)于公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取的規(guī)制路徑學(xué)界沒有達(dá)成共識,立法上也沒有關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)屬規(guī)定,,司法界亦只能依據(jù)《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》來兜底裁判,。但反不正當(dāng)競爭法在立法與司法上都存在問題,具體而言,,一般條款的不確定性導(dǎo)致其極易被濫用,,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)專條也無法適用到公開數(shù)據(jù)的爬取行為上,司法實踐中缺乏統(tǒng)一的裁判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,賠償金額也缺乏量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn),。對此,可以從立法和司法兩個層面進行完善,,以期更好地適用《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取行為予以規(guī)制,。具體而言,在立法上,,增設(shè)公開數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭的行為類型,;在司法上,完善裁判思路和賠償金額的計算標(biāo)準(zhǔn),。
中圖分類號:D922文獻標(biāo)識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.12.011
引用格式:胡佳濼. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取行為的反不正當(dāng)競爭規(guī)制研究[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,,2024,43(12):74-79.
Research on anti-unfair competition regulation of Internet public data crawling behavior
Hu Jialuo
People′s Public Security University of China
Abstract: There is no consensus on the regulatory path of public data crawling in the academic community, and there is no legislation on the ownership of data. The judicial community can only base its judgment on the 'Anti-Unfair Competition Law'. However, the anti-unfair competition law has problems in both legislation and judicature. Specifically, the uncertainty of general provisions makes it easy to be abused, and Internet articles cannot be applied to the crawling behavior of public data. There is a lack of uniform judgment standards in judicial practice, and the amount of compensation also lacks quantitative standards. In this regard, it can be improved from the legislative and judicial levels in order to better apply the 'Anti-Unfair Competition Law' to regulate the crawling of Internet public data. Specifically, in terms of legislation, the types of acts of unfair competition in public data should be added ; in the judiciary, the referee′s thinking and the calculation standard of the amount of compensation should be improved.
Key words : open data ; data crawling ; anti-unfair competition

引言

數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展使得數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)成為了新時代的“石油”,,數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)的法律問題也引起國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,。數(shù)據(jù)價值的實現(xiàn)和提升,只有在數(shù)據(jù)流通過程中才能完成,,數(shù)據(jù)的生命在于流通,。數(shù)據(jù)爬取是實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)流通的重要方式,通過數(shù)據(jù)爬取可以跳過相同的收集數(shù)據(jù)的勞動,,直接進入后續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)運用環(huán)節(jié),,從而節(jié)省大量的時間、金錢和人力成本。實踐中公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取的糾紛屢見不鮮,,不少經(jīng)營者擅自使用技術(shù)手段或超過授權(quán)范圍爬取其他經(jīng)營者的公開數(shù)據(jù),,并對其他經(jīng)營者造成實質(zhì)性替代,極大地?fù)p害了原數(shù)據(jù)控制者的利益,,對市場競爭秩序也會產(chǎn)生一定的破壞,。目前立法機關(guān)尚未對這種公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取行為的規(guī)制發(fā)布相關(guān)法律規(guī)范,司法實踐中也尚未出臺具體司法解釋,,法院由于缺乏數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)屬的立法依據(jù),,往往傾向于以《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》進行判案。究竟如何更好地運用競爭法規(guī)制公開數(shù)據(jù)爬取行為,?既防止以“數(shù)據(jù)流通”為名的數(shù)據(jù)寄生,,又防止以“數(shù)據(jù)保護”為幌子的數(shù)據(jù)封鎖,立法有待完善,。司法斷案的需求與立法制度的缺憾這兩者之間存在的矛盾,,正是研究這一課題的必要性所在。


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作者信息:

胡佳濼

(中國人民公安大學(xué),,北京100038)


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