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公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研判及合作治理
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
關(guān)佳1,黃佳琦2
1.暨南大學(xué)法學(xué)院,;2.東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院
摘要: 以全流程視野審視公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),主要表現(xiàn)為數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)階段的供需對(duì)接風(fēng)險(xiǎn),、數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)營(yíng)階段的壟斷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)利用階段的失控風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。合作治理模式能通過(guò)多元主體間的合作共治、柔性化治理規(guī)則以及多樣化的治理策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)利益協(xié)調(diào),、彌縫政策規(guī)范缺口及提升治理能效,。立基于此,公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有效治理應(yīng)遵循以下具體路徑:以商談機(jī)制型構(gòu)共治格局,以利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制為核心促進(jìn)多元主體利益衡平與協(xié)調(diào),以軟硬兼濟(jì)方式增強(qiáng)治理規(guī)范供給,用以回應(yīng)性治理策略增進(jìn)治理效能,。
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):D922.16文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.03.013
引用格式:關(guān)佳,黃佳琦. 公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研判及合作治理[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,,2025,44(3):77-83.
Risk assessment of public data authorization operation and cooperative governance
Guan Jia1,Huang Jiaqi2
1.Law School, Jinan University; 2.School of Law, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
Abstract: Considering the risks of public data authorization operation from the perspective of the whole process, the main performance is the supply and demand docking risk in the data authorization stage, the monopoly risk in the data operation stage and the risk of losing control in the data development and utilization stage. The cooperative governance model can realize the coordination of interests, close the gap of policy norms and improve the energy efficiency of governance through the cooperation and co-governance among multiple subjects, flexible governance rules and diversified governance strategies. Based on this, the effective governance of the risk of public data authorization operation should follow the specific paths: building a co-governance pattern based on the negotiation mechanism, promoting the balance and coordination of the interests of multiple subjects with the benefit compensation mechanism as the core, enhancing the supply of governance norms by means of both soft and hard, and improving governance efficiency with responsive governance strategies.
Key words : public data authorization operation; legal risk; cooperative governance; concrete path

引言

隨著數(shù)據(jù)作為新型生產(chǎn)要素的重要性不斷提高,,公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)日益成為賦能實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì),、發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力的重要手段,其通過(guò)公共數(shù)據(jù)管理部門(mén)有償授權(quán)給具備數(shù)據(jù)治理能力的主體,,在安全可控的環(huán)境下對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加工處理,、價(jià)值挖掘、服務(wù)供需對(duì)接等活動(dòng),,為社會(huì)提供數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)[1],。江蘇、浙江和廣州作為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),,率先探索公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)模式,,并先后制定了相應(yīng)的管理辦法。然而,,公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)在實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生了復(fù)雜多樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),,并可能對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)安全價(jià)值與數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的有效實(shí)現(xiàn)造成阻礙。

最新發(fā)布的有關(guān)公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)的政策文件要求將公共數(shù)據(jù)供需對(duì)接障礙,、壟斷風(fēng)險(xiǎn),、失控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作為公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防治的痛點(diǎn)。 2024年9月21日,,新華社授權(quán)發(fā)布《中共中央辦公廳 國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加快公共數(shù)據(jù)資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用的意見(jiàn)》指出要推動(dòng)制度建設(shè)和能力建設(shè)相結(jié)合,,將安全貫穿公共數(shù)據(jù)資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用全過(guò)程,防范各種數(shù)據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。2024年10月12日,,國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委發(fā)布《公共數(shù)據(jù)資源登記管理暫行辦法》,要求“摸家底”,,搞清楚各級(jí)黨政機(jī)關(guān),、企事業(yè)單位手中到底有什么數(shù)據(jù),分別在哪里,,通過(guò)發(fā)布登記信息,,提供查詢(xún)服務(wù),更有效地促進(jìn)供需對(duì)接,,這將直接有利于解決數(shù)據(jù)交易流通的問(wèn)題,。同日,,國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)局發(fā)布《公共數(shù)據(jù)資源授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)實(shí)施規(guī)范(試行)》,強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)展授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)活動(dòng)不得濫用行政權(quán)力或市場(chǎng)支配地位排除,、限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng),不得利用數(shù)據(jù)和算法,、技術(shù),、資本優(yōu)勢(shì)等從事壟斷行為。有鑒于此,,本文立足風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理視角,,以全流程視野系統(tǒng)考察三類(lèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),論證合作治理模式與公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的契合性,,就公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的具體路徑進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)探討,,以期為公共數(shù)據(jù)授權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)治理機(jī)制的不斷完善提供支撐。


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作者信息:

關(guān)佳1,黃佳琦2

(1.暨南大學(xué)法學(xué)院,,廣東廣州510630,;

2.東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院,遼寧大連116000)


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