美國當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間8月17日,,美國商務(wù)部工業(yè)和安全局(BIS)發(fā)布了對(duì)華為的修訂版禁令,,這次禁令進(jìn)一步限制華為使用美國技術(shù)和軟件生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,,并在實(shí)體列表中增加38個(gè)華為子公司,。
“新規(guī)則明確規(guī)定,,任何使用美國軟件或美國制造設(shè)備的行為都是被禁止的,,需要獲得許可,?!泵绹虅?wù)部長威爾伯,?羅斯(Wilbur Ross)在一場(chǎng)采訪中表示,,5月份對(duì)華為設(shè)計(jì)的芯片實(shí)施了限制,但華為采取了一些規(guī)避措施,。
在此次禁令中,,美國商務(wù)部新增了數(shù)條細(xì)則。比如基于美國軟件和技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品不能用以制造或開發(fā)任何華為子公司(實(shí)體名單內(nèi))所生產(chǎn),、購買或訂購的零部件,、組件或設(shè)備中。此外,,該規(guī)定還限制了實(shí)體清單中的華為作為“買方”,、“中間收貨人”、“最終收貨人”或“最終用戶”參與相關(guān)交易,,前提是必須獲得許可,。
針對(duì)這個(gè)禁令,SEMI回應(yīng)道:
SEMI認(rèn)識(shí)到出口管制措施在美國應(yīng)對(duì)國家安全威脅方面的作用,。但是,,我們非常關(guān)注美國商務(wù)部于2020年8月17日發(fā)布的新出口管制條例,該條例最終會(huì)損害美國的半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè),,并在半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)鏈中造成巨大的不確定性和破壞,,從而最終破壞美國的國家安全利益……7月14日,SEMI在對(duì)5月15日法規(guī)的公開評(píng)論中告誡說,,這些相對(duì)狹窄的行動(dòng)對(duì)購買美國產(chǎn)半導(dǎo)體設(shè)備和設(shè)計(jì)軟件產(chǎn)生了獨(dú)特的抑制作用,,并且已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致美國產(chǎn)商品的銷售損失了1,700萬美元,而這些企業(yè)與華為無關(guān),。
商務(wù)部決定大幅擴(kuò)大這些單方面限制的決定可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的銷售損失,,從而侵蝕美國原產(chǎn)商品的客戶群。新的限制還將使人們感到,,美國技術(shù)的供應(yīng)不可靠,,并導(dǎo)致非美國客戶要求設(shè)計(jì)避開美國技術(shù),。同時(shí),這些行動(dòng)進(jìn)一步激勵(lì)了人們努力取代這些美國技術(shù),。
SEMI誠懇地要求商務(wù)部立刻將在8月17日之前生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的保存條款延長至120天,,以確保所有產(chǎn)品的許可決策具有可預(yù)測(cè)性和及時(shí)性,并為與5G物品無關(guān)的許可提供極大的靈活性,。我們還敦促政府采取政策,,減少意外后果,減少對(duì)美國技術(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的損害,。全球銷售收入是美國在這些技術(shù)上進(jìn)行研發(fā)的主要來源,;全球收入的損失將導(dǎo)致研發(fā)減少,破壞美國的半導(dǎo)體創(chuàng)新,,從而損害國家安全,。
針對(duì)這個(gè)禁令,美國半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)(SIA) 主席兼執(zhí)行長John Neuffer 也警告表示,,擴(kuò)增的禁令規(guī)范將對(duì)美國半導(dǎo)體業(yè)帶來負(fù)面的影響,。
Neuffer 在一份聲明中表示:「我們對(duì)政府突然的轉(zhuǎn)變感到驚訝和擔(dān)憂,因?yàn)檎谙惹爸С忠愿邢薜姆绞絹韺?shí)現(xiàn)既定的國家安全目標(biāo),,同時(shí)限制對(duì)美國企業(yè)的傷害,。」
Neuffer 也說道:「我們重申立場(chǎng),,向中國銷售不敏感的商業(yè)產(chǎn)品,,將有助于推動(dòng)美國半導(dǎo)體業(yè)的研究和創(chuàng)新,這對(duì)美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和國家安全至關(guān)重要,?!?/p>
附帶SEMI聲明原文:
SEMI recognizes the role of export control measures to address threats to U.S. national security. However, we are very concerned the new export control regulations issued on August 17, 2020, by the U.S. Department of Commerce will ultimately undermine U.S. national security interests by harming the semiconductor industry in the U.S. and creating substantial uncertainty and disruption in the semiconductor supply chain. On July 14, in public comments on the May 15 regulations, SEMI cautioned that those relatively narrow actions created unique disincentives to purchase U.S.-origin semiconductor equipment and design software and had already resulted in $17 million lost sales of U.S-origin items to firms unrelated to Huawei.
Commerce's decision to significantly expand these unilateral restrictions will likely lead to more lost sales, eroding the customer base for U.S-origin items. The new restrictions will also fuel a perception that the supply of U.S. technology is unreliable and lead non-U.S. customers to call for the design-out of U.S. technology. Meanwhile, these actions further incentivize efforts to supplant these U.S. technologies.
SEMI respectfully requests Commerce immediately extend to 120 days the savings clause for items in production before August 17, ensure predictable and timely license decisions for all items and significant flexibility for licenses unrelated to 5G items. We also urge the administration to pursue policies with fewer unintended consequences and damage to U.S. technology leadership. Revenue from global sales is a major source of U.S. research and development (R&D) funding in these technologies; lost global revenue will lead to a decrease in R&D, undermining U.S. semiconductor innovation and thereby harming national security.