中圖分類號: TP301 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.200346 中文引用格式: 李美桃. 從基礎(chǔ)研究淺析人工智能技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2020,,46(10):29-33,,38. 英文引用格式: Li Meitao. Analysis of the trend of artificial intelligence technology on basic research[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2020,,46(10):29-33,,38.
Analysis of the trend of artificial intelligence technology on basic research
Li Meitao
National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center,Beijing 100040,,China
Abstract: During the past sixty years, artificial intelligence(AI) has achieved rapid development jointly promoted by algorithms, computing power, and big data, but it is still in the stage of artificial narrow intelligence. The status and trends of basic research in AI algorithms and computing power are analyzed. The evolution of artificial narrow intelligence to artificial general intelligence will depend on breakthrough in AI basic theory research. On the aspect of AI algorithms, the deep learning algorithm model lacks interpretive reasoning and generalizability. AI encounters bottlenecks in basic theory and urgently needs a breakthrough. On the aspect of computing power, due to the CMOS physical limits the Moore′s law is approaching failure and the growth of computing power is slowing down, the general computing chip architecture is limited by Feng Neumann′s bottleneck and AI chips represented by neuromorphic chips are in the ascendant. On the aspect of data, the lack of high-quality data sets in specific area restricts AI technology application and more high-quality data sets will be continuously constructed in the short future. In short, the basic AI technology will slowly advance for a long time in the future, but the AI applications are booming from right now.
Key words : artificial intelligence,;basic research;development trend,;algorithm,;computing power
0 引言
人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展到高級階段的復(fù)雜技術(shù)體系,,綜合了計(jì)算機(jī),、數(shù)學(xué),、邏輯、信息論,、控制論,、認(rèn)知科學(xué)和倫理學(xué)等多種學(xué)科。人工智能于1956年在達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院的一次學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上被提出,,可分為三個(gè)發(fā)展階段:弱人工智能(Artificial Narrow Intelligence,,ANI)、強(qiáng)人工智能(Artificial General Intelligence,,AGI)和超人工智能(Artificial Super Intelligence,,ASI)。ANI是在限定條件下的人工智能,,目前掌握的人工智能技術(shù)處于該階段,,是沒有理解和推理的感知智能;AGI是能理解,、推理和解決問題的機(jī)器智能,,有知覺和自我意識,屬于認(rèn)知智能,;ASI是在幾乎所有領(lǐng)域都比最聰明的人類大腦都聰明的機(jī)器智能,,是人工智能技術(shù)發(fā)展的終極目標(biāo)。