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粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)規(guī)制的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境與路徑初探
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 4期
鄭光花
(中共廣東省委黨校 法學(xué)教研部,廣東廣州510030)
摘要: 粵澳屬不同法域,在數(shù)據(jù)的立法保護(hù)水平,、跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)等方面存在顯著差異與沖突,,嚴(yán)重阻礙了粵澳之間的數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)粵澳合作共贏,,粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)規(guī)制需遵循前瞻性原則,、平等互利原則、開放自由原則,,在內(nèi)地與澳門現(xiàn)有的法律框架下進(jìn)行制度完善,。同時(shí),在《橫琴粵澳深度合作區(qū)建設(shè)總體方案》的指導(dǎo)下,,粵澳協(xié)同立法,,在橫琴粵澳深度合作區(qū)先行先試,制定統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)規(guī)則,,設(shè)立同一數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),,為未來區(qū)際多邊數(shù)據(jù)跨境自由流動(dòng)提供橫琴方案。
中圖分類號:DF01
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.04.003
引用格式:鄭光花.粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)規(guī)制的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境與路徑初探[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,,2023,,42(4):14-20.
The practical dilemmas and paths of cross-border data flow regulation between Guangdong and Macao
Zheng Guanghua
(Department of Law Teaching and Research, Party School of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of CPC,Guangzhou 510030,China)
Abstract: Guangdong and Macao belong to different jurisdictions, and there are significant differences and conflicts in the legislative protection level of data, cross-border flow mechanisms, regulatory authorities, etc., which seriously hinder the cross-border data flows between Guangdong and Macao. In order to achieve win-win cooperation between Guangdong and Macao, the regulation of cross-border data flows between Guangdong and Macao needs to follow the principles of forward-looking, equality and mutual benefit, openness and freedom, and improve the system under the existing legal framework of the Mainland and Macao. At the same time, under the guidance of the “Overall Plan for the Construction of Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin”, Guangdong and Macao will work together to enact legislation to take the lead in Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone, formulate unified cross-border data flow rules, and set up a regulatory authority for cross-border data flow, thus providing a Hengqin plan for the future cross-border free flow of inter-regional multilateral data.
Key words : cross-border data flow; GuangdongMacao InDepth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin; GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area

0    引言

近五年,全球數(shù)據(jù)井噴式爆發(fā),,IDC(國際數(shù)據(jù)公司)研究預(yù)測:到2025年全球數(shù)據(jù)總量高達(dá)175 ZB,,比2018年將翻5倍,中國將成為全球數(shù)據(jù)量最大的區(qū)域,。在全球化40的數(shù)字驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)代,,數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)愈發(fā)成為各國經(jīng)濟(jì)重要增長點(diǎn),同時(shí)圍繞“數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)”的一系列數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)限制對經(jīng)濟(jì)和跨國企業(yè)造成了巨大的成本,。良好數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù),、數(shù)據(jù)跨境自由流動(dòng)、數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)自主權(quán)的三個(gè)目標(biāo)成為全球?qū)用嬉?guī)制的“三難選擇”,。自CEPA(《內(nèi)地與澳門關(guān)于建立更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的安排》)簽署后,,澳門居民、企業(yè)持續(xù)融入廣東發(fā)展,,數(shù)據(jù)要素流動(dòng)因其處于不同法域而受阻的負(fù)面影響顯著,,現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制不足以保障粵澳間的數(shù)據(jù)有序自由流動(dòng),是澳門經(jīng)濟(jì)適度多元化發(fā)展的“攔路虎”,。

在構(gòu)建粵澳一體化高水平開放新體系的趨勢下,,粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)規(guī)制體系的完善相較主權(quán)國家之間有其特殊的理論邏輯與現(xiàn)實(shí)邏輯。理論而言,,其一是規(guī)制途徑不同,,澳門高度自治,擁有獨(dú)立的立法權(quán)與司法權(quán),,個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)(隱私權(quán))與非個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)(公共安全)的保護(hù)水平以及數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制與內(nèi)地大不相同,,兩地?cái)?shù)據(jù)跨境規(guī)制主要依賴于區(qū)際法的制定與實(shí)施,。其二是規(guī)制視角不同,主權(quán)國之間多以數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)的視角進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)監(jiān)管,,其關(guān)鍵是確保對本國數(shù)據(jù)有絕對的管轄權(quán)與控制權(quán),,數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)呈“有限性”特征?;洶膭t在數(shù)據(jù)共享共治的政策視角下進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)制度的規(guī)則銜接,,核心是促進(jìn)粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境有序自由流動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域效益最大化,,數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)呈“無限性”特征?,F(xiàn)實(shí)而言,粵澳兩地日益復(fù)雜頻繁的民商事交往產(chǎn)生大量的數(shù)據(jù)跨境需求,,所產(chǎn)生的新型法律關(guān)系缺乏相應(yīng)的法律調(diào)整,,兩地相關(guān)法律的沖突也缺乏相應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)手段,但是兩地法律文化在過去20年的交流和融合中取得了長足的發(fā)展,,橫琴粵澳深度合作區(qū)建設(shè)加強(qiáng)了珠海特區(qū)立法權(quán)與橫琴法院司法權(quán),,以上為解決粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)的規(guī)制難題提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)可行的切入口。

綜上所述,,本文擬在數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)“無限性”的視角下,,分析粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,并立足于粵澳兩地的數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)實(shí)踐與法律實(shí)踐,,嘗試粗淺地給出粵澳數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制的完善路徑,。




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作者信息:

鄭光花

(中共廣東省委黨校 法學(xué)教研部,廣東廣州510030)


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