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數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)的法治挑戰(zhàn)與應(yīng)對(duì)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 1期
杜 昕
(中共廣東省委黨校 法學(xué)教研部,，廣東 廣州510030)
摘要： 數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)正在成為連接全球數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的紐帶,，我國(guó)應(yīng)積極融入并引領(lǐng)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。然而,，“‘滴滴出行’赴美上市”事件卻暴露出了數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)在國(guó)家安全和個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)層面提出的法治挑戰(zhàn),。我國(guó)針對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)采取了一系列立法活動(dòng)，但是在法治實(shí)踐當(dāng)中仍面臨兩大困難,，即重要數(shù)據(jù)目錄的動(dòng)態(tài)管理和個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)平衡,。綜合當(dāng)前立法與相關(guān)理論發(fā)現(xiàn)，引入?yún)^(qū)塊鏈技術(shù),，用技術(shù)監(jiān)管技術(shù)的法治思維是解決這兩大實(shí)踐難點(diǎn)的有效途徑,。
中圖分類號(hào)： DF01
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A
DOI： 10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.01.006
引用格式： 杜昕. 數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)的法治挑戰(zhàn)與應(yīng)對(duì)[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023,，42(1)：45-53.
Challenges and responses to cross-border data flows
Du Xin
(School of Law,，Party School of Guangdong Provincial Committee of CPC，Guangzhou 510030，China)
Abstract： The cross-border flow of data is becoming the link connecting the global digital economy. China should actively participate in and lead the globalization of the digital economy. However, the US listing of Didi Chuxing has exposed the national security and personal data protection challenges posed by cross-border data flows. Our country has adopted a series of legislative activities in response to the challenge, but in the practice of rule of law still faces two big difficulties, namely the dynamic management of important data catalog and the balance between personal data protection and economic development. Based on the current legislation and related theories, it is found that the legal thinking of introducing block chain technology and using technology to supervise technology is an effective way to solve these two practical difficulties.
Key words : data flows across borders,；national security,；personal data protection；block chain technology

0 引言

習(xí)近平總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)：“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度之快,、輻射范圍之廣,、影響程度之深前所未有，正在成為重組全球要素資源,、重塑全球經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),、改變?nèi)蚋?jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的關(guān)鍵力量”[1]。隨著數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,，以數(shù)據(jù)要素為核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力,，以網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播技術(shù)為載體的高速率、大容量,、低延時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng),，正在成為連接全球數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的紐帶，大大拓寬了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的廣度與深度,，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已經(jīng)成為了歷史發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),。據(jù)此，我國(guó)應(yīng)在維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的前提下,，主動(dòng)拓寬數(shù)據(jù)開放范圍,，加快數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng),，在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮人口優(yōu)勢(shì)與規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì),，積極融入并引領(lǐng)新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。

黨的二十大報(bào)告指出：“加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域,、新興領(lǐng)域,、涉外領(lǐng)域立法，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治和涉外法治”[2],，數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)作為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的驅(qū)動(dòng)力,，是新時(shí)代相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的立法調(diào)整對(duì)象，數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)提出的挑戰(zhàn)是推進(jìn)涉外法治建設(shè)不能忽視的重要問題,。以“‘滴滴出行’赴美上市”事件為例,，根據(jù)2022年7月21日國(guó)家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息辦公室(下簡(jiǎn)稱“國(guó)家網(wǎng)信辦”)有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人就相關(guān)行政處罰的決定答記者問可知，滴滴公司在事件當(dāng)中“存在嚴(yán)重影響國(guó)家安全的數(shù)據(jù)處理活動(dòng)”并且“嚴(yán)重侵害用戶個(gè)人信息權(quán)益”[3],?！啊蔚纬鲂小懊郎鲜小笔录m然以行政處罰決定[4]的作出而告終，但卻暴露出一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)問題——數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家安全和個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)層面形成諸多法治挑戰(zhàn),。如何推進(jìn)我國(guó)涉外法治建設(shè)以應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)提出的國(guó)家安全和個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)層面的法治挑戰(zhàn),，是本文的關(guān)注點(diǎn)所在。




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作者信息：

杜  昕

(中共廣東省委黨校 法學(xué)教研部，廣東 廣州510030)


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