《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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高壓變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
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摘要: 本文詳細(xì)介紹了高壓變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì),。
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1前言

  通常,,我們把用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)1kV以上交流電動(dòng)機(jī)的中,、大容量變頻器稱為高壓變頻器,。按照國(guó)際慣例和我國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,當(dāng)供電電壓大于或等于10kV時(shí)稱高壓,小于10kV時(shí)稱中壓,。因此,,相應(yīng)額定電壓1~10kV的變頻器應(yīng)分別稱為中壓變頻器和高壓變頻器。但考慮到在這一電壓范圍內(nèi)的變頻器有著共同的特征,,且我們習(xí)慣上也把額定電壓為3kV或6kV的電動(dòng)機(jī)稱為“高壓電機(jī)”,,因此,為簡(jiǎn)化敘述起見(jiàn),,本文也稱之為“高壓變頻器”,。

  截止2006年底,我國(guó)發(fā)電裝機(jī)總?cè)萘恳淹黄?億kW,,為5.08億kW,。其中火電裝機(jī)約占80%,為4億kW左右,。全國(guó)年發(fā)電量已突破2萬(wàn)億kWh,。而我國(guó)的能源利用率卻平均比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家低20%左右!

  全國(guó)電動(dòng)機(jī)裝機(jī)總?cè)萘恳堰_(dá)4億多kW,年耗電量達(dá)12000億kWh,,占全國(guó)總用電量的60%,,占工業(yè)用電量的80%;其中風(fēng)機(jī)、水泵,、壓縮機(jī)的裝機(jī)總?cè)萘恳殉^(guò)2億kW,,年耗電量達(dá)8000億kWh,占全國(guó)總用電量的40%左右,。70%以上的風(fēng)機(jī),、水泵、壓縮機(jī)應(yīng)調(diào)速運(yùn)行,,而至今僅有約5%左右調(diào)速運(yùn)行,。

  若按風(fēng)機(jī)、水泵和壓縮機(jī)總裝機(jī)容量的50%進(jìn)行調(diào)速節(jié)能改造,,則可改造容量達(dá)1億kW,,其中40%為中高壓電機(jī),容量占60%,。若按電機(jī)平均出力為 60%,,年運(yùn)行4000小時(shí),平均節(jié)電率為20~30%(平均25%)計(jì)算,,則年節(jié)電潛力為600億kWh!整個(gè)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的節(jié)電潛力約為1000億 kWh,,改造和更新預(yù)計(jì)需投入2000~3000億元人民幣。

  根據(jù)國(guó)家節(jié)能計(jì)劃,,我國(guó)每年應(yīng)節(jié)約和少用能源7000萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤,,通過(guò)基本建設(shè)項(xiàng)目及技術(shù)改造措施,,每年可形成約3000萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力,而每形成一噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力需投資2000元(約為開(kāi)發(fā)等量能源費(fèi)用的三分之一),,則每年需節(jié)能投資600億元,,“十五”期間共需3000億元人民幣, “十一五”期間將更多,。

  由于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,,發(fā)電裝機(jī)仍以高速發(fā)展。但電力運(yùn)行的一些主要指標(biāo)和裝備指標(biāo)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比仍有很大差距:我國(guó)火電機(jī)組的平均煤耗為 400g/kWh,,比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高出約70~100g/kWh;發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)電廠的廠用電率為3.7%~6%,,而我國(guó)的廠用電率為4.7%~10.5%,加之線損,,我國(guó)送到用戶的電能要比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家多耗電9.5%,,相當(dāng)于22000MW裝機(jī)容量,即22個(gè)百萬(wàn)大廠的年發(fā)電量,。因此,,我國(guó)的節(jié)能形勢(shì)十分嚴(yán)峻!

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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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  變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)涉及到電力,、電子,、電工、信息與控制等多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,。隨著電力電子技術(shù),、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,以變頻調(diào)速為代表的近代交流調(diào)速技術(shù)有了飛速的發(fā)展,。交流變頻調(diào)速傳動(dòng)克服了直流電機(jī)的缺點(diǎn),,發(fā)揮了交流電機(jī)本身固有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、堅(jiān)固耐用,、經(jīng)濟(jì)可靠,、動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)好等),并且很好地解決了交流電機(jī)調(diào)速性能先天不足的問(wèn)題,。交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)以其卓越的調(diào)速性能,、顯著的節(jié)電效果以及在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域的廣泛適用性,而被公認(rèn)為是一種最有前途的交流調(diào)速方式,,代表了電氣傳動(dòng)發(fā)展的主流方向,。變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)為節(jié)能降耗、改善控制性能,、提高產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量提供了至關(guān)重要的手段,。變頻調(diào)速理論已形成較為完整的科學(xué)體系,成為一門(mén)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科,。

 

20世紀(jì)是電力電子變頻技術(shù)由誕生到發(fā)展的一個(gè)全盛時(shí)代,。最初的交流變頻調(diào)速理論誕生于20世紀(jì)20年代,,直到60年代,由于電力電子器件的發(fā)展,,才促進(jìn)了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)向?qū)嵱梅较虬l(fā)展,。70年代席卷工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油危機(jī),促使他們投入大量的人力,、物力,、財(cái)力去研究高效率的變頻器,使變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)有了很大發(fā)展并得到推廣應(yīng)用,。80年代,,變頻調(diào)速已產(chǎn)品化,性能也不斷提高,,發(fā)揮了交流調(diào)速的優(yōu)越性,,廣泛地應(yīng)用于工業(yè)各部門(mén),并且部分取代了直流調(diào)速,。進(jìn)入90年代,,由于新型電力電子器件如IGBT(絕緣柵雙極型晶體管InsolatedGateBipolarTransistor)、IGCT(集成門(mén)極換流型晶閘管IntegratedGateCommutatedThyristor)等的發(fā)展及性能的提高,、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,,如由16位機(jī)發(fā)展到32位機(jī)以及DSP(數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器Digital SignalProcessor)的誕生和發(fā)展(如磁場(chǎng)定向矢量控制、直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制)等原因,,極大地提高了變頻調(diào)速的技術(shù)性能,,促進(jìn)了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使變頻器在調(diào)速范圍,、驅(qū)動(dòng)能力,、調(diào)速精度、動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng),、輸出性能,、功率因數(shù)、運(yùn)行效率及使用的方便性等方面大大超過(guò)了其它常規(guī)交流調(diào)速方式,,其性能指標(biāo)亦已超過(guò)了直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng),,達(dá)到取代直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的地步。目前,,交流變頻調(diào)速以其優(yōu)異的性能而深受各行業(yè)的普遍歡迎,,在電力、軋鋼,、造紙,、化工、水泥、煤炭,、紡織,、鐵路、食品,、船舶,、機(jī)床等傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的改造中和航天航空等高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)用中無(wú)不看到變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的蹤影,變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,。

  變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀具有以下特點(diǎn)

  (1)在功率器件方面,,近年來(lái)高電壓、大電流的SCR,、GTO,、IGBT、IGCT等器件的生產(chǎn)以及并聯(lián),、串聯(lián)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,,使高電壓、大功率變頻器產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)及應(yīng)用成為現(xiàn)實(shí),。

  (2)在微電子技術(shù)方面,,16位、32位高速微處理器以及DSP和ASIC(專用集成電路ApplicationSpecificIC)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,,為實(shí)現(xiàn)變頻器高精度,、多功能化提供了硬件手段。

  (3)在控制理論方面,,矢量控制,、磁通控制、轉(zhuǎn)矩控制,、智能控制等新的控制理論為研制高性能變頻器的發(fā)展提供了相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。

  (4)在產(chǎn)品化生產(chǎn)方面,,基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)和各種制造業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,,促進(jìn)了變頻器相關(guān)配套件的社會(huì)化、專業(yè)化生產(chǎn),。

3國(guó)內(nèi)外高壓變頻器的分類,、比較和應(yīng)用情況

  目前世界上的高壓變頻器不象低壓變頻器一樣具有成熟的一致性的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),而是限于功率器件的電壓耐量和高壓使用條件的矛盾,,國(guó)內(nèi)外各變頻器生產(chǎn)廠商,,采用不同的功率器件和不同的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),以適應(yīng)不同的電壓等級(jí)和各種拖動(dòng)設(shè)備的要求,,因而在各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)和適用范圍上也各有差異,。

  一般來(lái)講,在高壓供電而功率器件耐壓能力有限的情況下,,可采用將功率器件串聯(lián)的方法來(lái)解決,。但是功率器件在串聯(lián)使用時(shí),,因?yàn)楦髌骷膭?dòng)態(tài)電阻和極間電容不同,而存在靜態(tài)均壓和動(dòng)態(tài)均壓?jiǎn)栴},。如果采用與器件并聯(lián)R和Rc的均壓措施,,會(huì)使電路復(fù)雜,損耗增加;同時(shí),,器件的串聯(lián)對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的要求也大大提高,,要盡量做到串聯(lián)器件同時(shí)導(dǎo)通和關(guān)斷,否則由于各器件開(kāi)斷時(shí)間不一致,,承受電壓不均,,會(huì)導(dǎo)致器件損壞甚至整個(gè)裝置崩潰。

  諧波問(wèn)題是所有變頻器的共同問(wèn)題,,尤其在高壓大功率變頻調(diào)速中更為突出,。諧波會(huì)污染電網(wǎng),殃及同一電網(wǎng)上的其它用電設(shè)備,,甚至影響電力系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行;諧波也會(huì)干擾通訊和控制系統(tǒng),,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)使通訊中斷、系統(tǒng)癱瘓;諧波電流還會(huì)使電動(dòng)機(jī)損耗增加,,因而發(fā)熱增加,,效率及功率因數(shù)下降,以至不得不“降額” 使用,。

  還有效率問(wèn)題,,變頻調(diào)速裝置的容量愈大,調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的效率問(wèn)題也就愈加重要,。采用不同的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),,使用的功率器件的種類和數(shù)量的多少,以及變壓器,、濾波器等的使用,,都會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的效率。為了提高系統(tǒng)效率,,必須設(shè)法盡量減少功率開(kāi)關(guān)器件和變頻調(diào)速裝置的損耗,。

  可靠性和冗余設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題:一般的高壓大功率拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)都要求很高的系統(tǒng)可靠性,尤其是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要部門(mén)如電力,、能源,、冶金、礦山和石化等行業(yè),,一旦設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障,,將會(huì)造成人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的巨大損失。因此高壓變頻裝置設(shè)計(jì)中是否便于采用冗余設(shè)計(jì)及旁路控制功能也是至關(guān)重要的。

  根據(jù)高壓變頻器有無(wú)直流環(huán)節(jié),,可以分為交—交變頻器和交—直—交變頻器;根據(jù)直流環(huán)節(jié)濾波元件的性質(zhì)又可以分為電流源型變頻器和電壓源型變頻器;電流源型變頻器又可以分為負(fù)載換流式晶閘管變頻器(LCI)和采用自關(guān)斷器件(GTO,、SGCT)的電流源型變頻器;電壓源型變頻器則可以分為:a)功率器件串聯(lián)二電平直接高壓變頻器,b)采用HV—IGBT,、IGCT的多電平電壓源變頻器,c)采用LV—IGBT的單元串聯(lián)多重化電壓源變頻器等,。

 

 

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