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title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控實際上是一個新興市場,,由于應(yīng)用行業(yè)和客戶相對分散,,這個領(lǐng)域的供應(yīng)商繁多但規(guī)模都不大。經(jīng)過過去幾年的發(fā)展,,業(yè)內(nèi)供應(yīng)商對數(shù)字化,、高清化和智能化等認(rèn)識開始趨于理性,平臺供應(yīng)商也摸索出適用的技術(shù)發(fā)展路線,。
IP攝像機(jī):2010年是元年
幾年前,,不同市場調(diào)研機(jī)構(gòu)對IP攝像機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控給出了激動人心的增長預(yù)測,認(rèn)為其很快就可以替代在市場上處于主流的模擬視頻監(jiān)控技術(shù),。但時至今日,,IP攝像機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控市場仍然沒有規(guī)模啟動。
“IP攝像機(jī)何時會超過模擬攝像機(jī),,我現(xiàn)在也沒有辦法回答,。”國內(nèi)最大的視頻監(jiān)控攝像機(jī)供應(yīng)商——杭州海康威視數(shù)字技術(shù)股份有限公司總裁胡楊忠對《中國電子報》記者說,“但我們大家有一個一致的看法,,就是今年是國內(nèi)市場IP化的元年,,推動力量來自百萬像素高清方案,解決的是看得清的問題,。因為如果想看得清,,現(xiàn)在最有效的途徑就是采用IP攝像機(jī)。這一點(diǎn)與國外市場不同,,國外對于IP攝像機(jī)的需求主要是迫于人力施工成本的壓力,。”
而在一些國內(nèi)細(xì)分市場,IP攝像機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控今年的增長是相當(dāng)快的,。“在我們看到的應(yīng)用項目中,,無論是平安城市,還是一些政府工程項目,,大都需要IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控,。”上海威乾趙國棟對記者表示,“就我們而言,,估計今年IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控的同比增長在200%以上,。”
記者了解到,在IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控的推廣中,,政府和資金相對充裕的行業(yè)扮演“先行者”的角色,。德州儀器視頻監(jiān)控事業(yè)部經(jīng)理Cyril Clocher說:“根據(jù)市場調(diào)研公司IMS的統(tǒng)計,在交通和政府行業(yè)應(yīng)用中,,近40%的應(yīng)用采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控,;在健康和教育領(lǐng)域,網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控的比例更是達(dá)到40%以上,。而且綜合來看,,未來10年IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)的年復(fù)合增長率將達(dá)到18%。”同時,,他也務(wù)實地認(rèn)為,,模擬監(jiān)控仍然是目前市場的主流。在該市場,,4,、8和16通道D1 30幀/秒產(chǎn)品是產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)今天推廣的重點(diǎn)。
不過,,為了抓住即將到來的IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控發(fā)展機(jī)遇,,一些城市已經(jīng)開始制定相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃。最近,,北京安全防范行業(yè)協(xié)會就《北京市視頻監(jiān)控產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想》組織研討會進(jìn)行研討,。北京安全防范協(xié)會秘書長栗萍對記者介紹,,在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想中指出,北京應(yīng)抓住模擬攝像機(jī)將被數(shù)字?jǐn)z像機(jī)所取代的機(jī)會,,打造相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,。
高清:720p明年有望沖量
高清概念在視頻監(jiān)控行業(yè)已被熱吵了很多年,但目前應(yīng)用市場并不大,。針對影響高清規(guī)?;瘧?yīng)用的瓶頸,??低暫鷹钪铱偛梅治稣f,,首先是技術(shù)問題,高清的推廣在技術(shù)上還存在障礙,。例如,,CCD傳感器的功耗、CMOS傳感器的寬動態(tài)問題,。其次是產(chǎn)品價格還偏高,。再次是用戶的認(rèn)識和接受有個過程。“用戶要看到成功的應(yīng)用案例,。”他說,,“目前,成功案例還很少,。這就好比水還沒有燒開,所以還沒有到‘井噴’的時候,。”此外,,他認(rèn)為高清已經(jīng)不再是一個具體的產(chǎn)品,而是一個系統(tǒng),。隨著高清市場的逐步形成,,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將逐步成熟,市場情況才能夠清晰化,。“我認(rèn)為高清市場現(xiàn)在還處于比較混沌的狀態(tài),。”他說。
烽火通信相關(guān)人士補(bǔ)充說,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境這個硬指標(biāo)也是限制高清視頻監(jiān)控推廣的一個重要因素,。“視頻監(jiān)控的網(wǎng)絡(luò)承載一般有三種方式。其一是3G無線網(wǎng)絡(luò),,其二是無線專網(wǎng),,其三是光網(wǎng)絡(luò)。”他說,,“如果傳輸高清視頻,,今天的3G無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)達(dá)不到要求,。高清視頻上傳需要2MB帶寬,而今天WCDMA和CDMA2000的上傳帶寬只有600KB到800KB,,TD-SCDMA帶寬要更窄一些,,而這樣的帶寬條件只能傳輸分辨率較低的4路CIF或一路D1,還傳輸不了高清視頻,。”而且,,相關(guān)光網(wǎng)絡(luò)只能傳輸2路高清,傳輸?shù)男什惶?,相對成本會比較貴,。
為此,業(yè)內(nèi)認(rèn)為,,從務(wù)實的角度出發(fā),,高清視頻監(jiān)控將先從720p分辨率的產(chǎn)品開始。“到2012年,,全球一半的IP攝像機(jī)將突破720p,。”德州儀器的Cyril Clocher先生認(rèn)為,“到那時500萬到1000萬像素攝像機(jī)才開始進(jìn)入高端市場,。”
這一觀點(diǎn)也得到了市場上最大的CMOS攝像頭公司Aptina負(fù)責(zé)視頻監(jiān)控領(lǐng)域業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)的Cliff Cheng先生的認(rèn)同,。他對記者分析說:“雖然每個人都在談?wù)?080p高清攝像機(jī),但我認(rèn)為720p方案才是符合今天各方面限定要素的技術(shù),。因為從攝像頭的成本來看,,720p攝像頭已經(jīng)可以與高端模擬攝像頭(VGA)差不多了,而且所需的網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬也不像1080p那么高,。明年720p產(chǎn)品將可能在市場沖量,,之后才是1080p。”
智能分析:由噱頭走向務(wù)實
智能分析在近兩年被視頻監(jiān)控領(lǐng)域作為一個重要的發(fā)展方向提出來,。很多視頻監(jiān)控企業(yè)推出了面部識別,、車輛識別、人群控制和交通流量控制等解決方案,。但從今年開始,,廠商對智能分析技術(shù)的認(rèn)識趨于理性,提供的方案也較為務(wù)實,。
“這兩年,,行業(yè)確實對很多智能分析方案進(jìn)行推廣,但效果并不好,。”海思半導(dǎo)體北京銷售與技術(shù)服務(wù)部FAE經(jīng)理李強(qiáng)說,,“因為那些智能分析技術(shù)大多是廠商推銷產(chǎn)品的噱頭。”為此,,今年海思半導(dǎo)體推出了一些看似簡單的智能解決方案,,例如,,警戒線、逆行,、徘徊等周界防范應(yīng)用和亮度異常,、視頻噪聲、視頻缺失以及視頻凍結(jié)等視頻診斷方案,。雖然這些方案看上去比過去的智能分析功能要“遜色”得多,,但卻較為實用。
德州儀器負(fù)責(zé)視頻監(jiān)控的王承寧分析說,,智能分析是一門非常深的技術(shù),。以人數(shù)統(tǒng)計為例,人的胖瘦,、人是站立行走還是爬行,、下雪天氣等各種因素都可能成為人數(shù)統(tǒng)計的一些干擾因素,因此做到準(zhǔn)確統(tǒng)計需要研發(fā)極為專業(yè)的算法,,要有專門的公司來做這件事,。為此,德州儀器不會涉足高端智能分析算法領(lǐng)域,,也不會包辦所有的智能分析技術(shù),,而是提供一些基本的智能分析功能。他們的第一個視頻協(xié)處理器DMVA,,提供5種基本的智能分析,,包括觸發(fā)區(qū)、人數(shù)統(tǒng)計,、攝像機(jī)篡改檢測,、智能運(yùn)動檢測以及將相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸回后端進(jìn)行復(fù)雜分析的技術(shù)。王承寧說:“我們提供這些功能的目的是幫助攝像頭制造企業(yè)來實現(xiàn)差異化,。”
“智能分析多年來都沒有獲得很好的突破,因為技術(shù)本身還不完善,,做出的方案離用戶的期望還有很大差距,。”胡楊忠說,“我們會根據(jù)客戶的需求,,從編碼起步,,通過視頻分析和模式分析,提供道路關(guān)卡的車牌識別等需求量較高的方案,。”
半導(dǎo)體方案:規(guī)劃適用路線圖
在與制造商磨合的過程中,,傳感器、處理器芯片等基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)供應(yīng)商提出了適用的技術(shù)路線圖,。
在攝像頭領(lǐng)域,,雖然目前仍然以CCD為主,,但若720p高清在明年沖量,將會給CMOS攝像頭帶來巨大機(jī)遇,。目前市場上兩大CMOS攝像頭企業(yè)Aptina和OmniVision都在備戰(zhàn)高清市場,。
“在高清市場,CMOS比CCD更有優(yōu)勢,。”Aptina的Cliff Cheng先生分析說,,“CMOS攝像頭已經(jīng)改善了在低照度條件下感光性不高的問題和寬動態(tài)范圍技術(shù),這樣,,它與CCD相比存在的兩個劣勢已經(jīng)不存在了,。”而且,CMOS攝像頭可以實現(xiàn)高速抓拍,,做到1080p 60幀/秒,,CCD只能做到1080p 15幀/秒。此外,,CCD的耗電比CMOS高出20%~30%,。在成本上,高清CMOS價格已經(jīng)與標(biāo)清模擬的價格一樣了,。他還表示,,CMOS比CCD更容易做智能分析,因為CMOS直接輸出數(shù)字信息,,可以根據(jù)處理器的要求,,送出相應(yīng)區(qū)域的信息。而CCD則需要很多配件,,比較繁瑣,。
OmniVision方案商ASD的彭苑群也對記者表示,在今年四4,、5月份,,相機(jī)等市場對高清CMOS攝像頭提出了迫切需求。這表明了對CMOS攝像頭的認(rèn)可,。
與此同時,,在傳感器處理器領(lǐng)域,德州儀器則提出了統(tǒng)一平臺的概念,。它利用IP復(fù)用等技術(shù),,將重要的視頻監(jiān)控IP,如視頻協(xié)處理器,、ISP5和2D/3D外設(shè),、Cortex-A8和C674X DSP以及顯示子系統(tǒng),在高中低端DVR產(chǎn)品和IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)產(chǎn)品中進(jìn)行復(fù)用,,使客戶可以投資統(tǒng)一平臺,,開發(fā)不同的產(chǎn)品,,不僅簡化了客戶的研發(fā)工作,降低了客戶維護(hù)軟件平臺的成本,,還加快了產(chǎn)品上市時間,。
而給視頻監(jiān)控市場帶來沖擊的海思半導(dǎo)體的ASIC平臺也強(qiáng)化把算法固化并提供豐富外圍接口的方法,降低客戶的開發(fā)門檻和驗證難度,。