《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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帶電介質(zhì)板對(duì)電磁波的衰減特性研究
2022年電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用第1期
張 超,,孔曉玉,,鄭丹丹
河北太行計(jì)量檢測(cè)有限公司,河北 石家莊050000
摘要: 電磁信號(hào)在穿透帶電介質(zhì)板時(shí)由于電磁波的散射等原因其信號(hào)強(qiáng)度會(huì)降低,,甚至?xí)淖冸姶挪ǖ臉O性,。為了測(cè)量電荷本身對(duì)電磁波衰減的影響,,設(shè)計(jì)了帶電介質(zhì)板對(duì)電磁波的衰減實(shí)驗(yàn),選取了PP板,、PVC板,、PMMA板等典型介質(zhì)板,對(duì)電磁波信號(hào)衰減進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,。研究結(jié)果表明介質(zhì)板帶電會(huì)增強(qiáng)對(duì)電磁波的衰減,,且隨著電量增加,衰減增強(qiáng),。
中圖分類號(hào): TN011,;O241.4;O441.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.211864
中文引用格式: 張超,,孔曉玉,,鄭丹丹. 帶電介質(zhì)板對(duì)電磁波的衰減特性研究[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2022,,48(1):152-156.
英文引用格式: Zhang Chao,,Kong Xiaoyu,Zheng Dandan. Study on the scattering characteristics of electromagnetic wave with dielectric band[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,,2022,,48(1):152-156.
Study on the scattering characteristics of electromagnetic wave with dielectric band
Zhang Chao,,Kong Xiaoyu,Zheng Dandan
Hebei Taihang Measurement Co.,,Ltd.,,Shijiazhuang 050000,China
Abstract: When the electromagnetic signal penetrates the medium, its signal intensity will be reduced due to the scattering of electromagnetic waves and other reasons, and even change the polarity of electromagnetic waves. In order to measure the influence of electric charge on electromagnetic wave attenuation, this paper designed an electromagnetic wave attenuation experiment with dielectric plate, and selected typical dielectric plates such as PP plate, PVC plate and PMMA plate to conduct an experimental study on electromagnetic wave signal attenuation. The results show that the attenuation of electromagnetic wave is enhanced when the dielectric plate is charged, and the attenuation is enhanced with the increase of electric quantity.
Key words : electromagnetic wave,;charged quantity,;attenuation,;dielectric plate

0 引言

    電介質(zhì),,又叫作絕緣體,它們中的電子被束縛在它所屬的原子核周圍,,因而在物質(zhì)內(nèi)部的自由電子極少,,即使受到外電場(chǎng)的作用,其分子中的絕大多數(shù)帶電粒子也只能作微觀位移,,不可能像導(dǎo)體中的自由電子那樣發(fā)生宏觀遷移[1],。

    電導(dǎo)率是表示物質(zhì)傳輸電流能力強(qiáng)弱的一種測(cè)量值,以歐姆定律定義為電流密度和電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的比率,。相對(duì)介電常數(shù)表征材料的介電性質(zhì)或極化性質(zhì)的物理參數(shù),,其值等于預(yù)測(cè)材料為介質(zhì)與以真空介質(zhì)制成的同尺寸電容器電容量之比[2-4]。介電常數(shù)與電導(dǎo)率之間的關(guān)系是εe=ε(1-jk/ωε),。其中,,εe為介電常數(shù),k為介質(zhì)的電導(dǎo)率,,ω為電磁波的角頻率,,ε著為理想介質(zhì)的介電常數(shù)。由此推導(dǎo)出,,當(dāng)εe=ε時(shí),,電導(dǎo)率為0,面電導(dǎo)率為0,。帶電量為0時(shí)電導(dǎo)率為0,,帶電量不為0時(shí)電導(dǎo)率不為0。

    物質(zhì)的導(dǎo)電性不僅與其凝聚狀態(tài)和組成結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān),,而且與物質(zhì)所處的外電場(chǎng)條件有關(guān),,物質(zhì)在傳導(dǎo)靜電過(guò)程中,導(dǎo)電性是由物質(zhì)與電場(chǎng)共同確定的,。處在強(qiáng)場(chǎng)中的物質(zhì),,分子電偶極矩的大小、分子的排列分布狀態(tài),、結(jié)晶點(diǎn)陣的熱振動(dòng)情況等都可能發(fā)生較大的變化,,從而改變物質(zhì)的導(dǎo)電性能[5],。




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作者信息:

張  超,,孔曉玉,,鄭丹丹

(河北太行計(jì)量檢測(cè)有限公司,河北 石家莊050000)




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