大家都知道linux的應(yīng)用程序要想訪問內(nèi)核必須使用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用從而實現(xiàn)從usr模式轉(zhuǎn)到svc模式。下面咱們看看它的實現(xiàn)過程。
系統(tǒng)調(diào)用是os操作系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù),用戶程序通過各種系統(tǒng)調(diào)用,,來引用內(nèi)核提供的各種服務(wù),系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的執(zhí)行讓用戶程序陷入內(nèi)核,,該陷入動作由swi軟中斷完成,。
at91rm9200處理器對應(yīng)的linux2.4.19內(nèi)核系統(tǒng)調(diào)用對應(yīng)的軟中斷定義如下:
#if defined(__thumb__) //thumb模式
#define __syscall(name)
"push {r7}nt"
"mov r7, #" __sys1(__NR_##name) "nt"
"swi 0nt"
"pop {r7}"
#else //arm模式
#define __syscall(name) "swit" __sys1(__NR_##name) "nt"
#endif
#define __sys2(x) #x
#define __sys1(x) __sys2(x)
#define __NR_SYSCALL_BASE 0x900000 //此為OS_NUMBER << 20運算值
#define __NR_open (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+ 5) //0x900005
舉一個例子來說:open系統(tǒng)調(diào)用,,庫函數(shù)最終會調(diào)用__syscall(open),,宏展開之后為swi #__NR_open,即,,swi #0x900005觸發(fā)中斷,,中斷號0x900005存放在[lr,#-4]地址中,,處理器跳轉(zhuǎn)到arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中vector_swi讀取[lr,,#-4]地址中的中斷號,之后查詢arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中的sys_call_table系統(tǒng)調(diào)用表,,該表內(nèi)容在arch/arm/kernel/calls.S中定義,,__NR_open在表中對應(yīng)的順序號為
__syscall_start:
...
.long SYMBOL_NAME(sys_open) //第5個
...
將sys_call_table[5]中內(nèi)容傳給pc,系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入sys_open函數(shù),,處理實質(zhì)的open動作
注:用到的一些函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)所在文件,如下所示
arch/arm/kernel/calls.S聲明了系統(tǒng)調(diào)用函數(shù)
include/asm-arm/unistd.h定義了系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的調(diào)用號規(guī)則
vector_swi定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
vector_IRQ定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
vector_FIQ定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中對sys_call_table進(jìn)行了定義:
.type sys_call_table,, #object
ENTRY(sys_call_table)
#include "calls.S" //將calls.S中的內(nèi)容順序鏈接到這里
源程序:
ENTRY(vector_swi)
save_user_regs
zero_fp
get_scno //將[lr,,#-4]中的中斷號轉(zhuǎn)儲到scno(r7)
arm710_bug_check scno, ip
#ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
ldr ip,, __cr_alignment
ldr ip,, [ip]
mcr p15, 0,, ip,, c1, c0 @ update control register
#endif
enable_irq ip
str r4,, [sp,, #-S_OFF]! @ push fifth arg
get_current_task tsk
ldr ip, [tsk,, #TSK_PTRACE] @ check for syscall tracing
bic scno,, scno,, #0xff000000 @ mask off SWI op-code
//#define OS_NUMBER 9[entry-header.S]
//所以對于上面示例中open系統(tǒng)調(diào)用號scno=0x900005
//eor scno,scno,,#0x900000
//之后scno=0x05
eor scno,, scno, #OS_NUMBER << 20 @ check OS number
//sys_call_table項為calls.S的內(nèi)容
adr tbl,, sys_call_table @ load syscall table pointer
tst ip,, #PT_TRACESYS @ are we tracing syscalls?
bne __sys_trace
adrsvc al, lr,, ret_fast_syscall @ return address
cmp scno,, #NR_syscalls @ check upper syscall limit
//執(zhí)行sys_open函數(shù)
ldrcc pc, [tbl,, scno,, lsl #2] @ call sys_* routine
add r1, sp,, #S_OFF
2: mov why,, #0 @ no longer a real syscall
cmp scno, #ARMSWI_OFFSET
eor r0,, scno,, #OS_NUMBER << 20 @ put OS number back
bcs SYMBOL_NAME(arm_syscall)
b SYMBOL_NAME(sys_ni_syscall) @ not private func
/*
* This is the really slow path. We're going to be doing
* context switches, and waiting for our parent to respond.
*/
__sys_trace:
add r1,, sp,, #S_OFF
mov r0, #0 @ trace entry [IP = 0]
bl SYMBOL_NAME(syscall_trace)
/*
//2007-07-01 gliethttp [entry-header.S]
//Like adr,, but force SVC mode (if required)
.macro adrsvc,, cond, reg,, label
adrcond reg,, label
.endm
//對應(yīng)反匯編:
//add lr, pc,, #16 ; lr = __sys_trace_return
*/
adrsvc al,, lr, __sys_trace_return @ return address
add r1,, sp,, #S_R0 + S_OFF @ pointer to regs
cmp scno, #NR_syscalls @ check upper syscall limit
ldmccia r1,, {r0 - r3} @ have to reload r0 - r3
ldrcc pc,, [tbl, scno,, lsl #2] @ call sys_* routine
b 2b
__sys_trace_return:
str r0,, [sp,, #S_R0 + S_OFF]! @ save returned r0
mov r1, sp
mov r0,, #1 @ trace exit [IP = 1]
bl SYMBOL_NAME(syscall_trace)
b ret_disable_irq
.align 5
#ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
.type __cr_alignment,, #object
__cr_alignment:
.word SYMBOL_NAME(cr_alignment)
#endif
.type sys_call_table, #object
ENTRY(sys_call_table)
#include "calls.S"